10 



brown and gradually drop off, so that by the end of the year very few re 

 main in position. How long the eggs remain unhatched has not yet been 

 observed; it is probably not more than about a week. The earliest date 

 observed of the appearance of the flies from shoots which had remained 

 out-doors all winter was April 10, while others continued to issue until 

 the early part of June. The youn^ larvte appear to grow very slowly, 

 and gradually bore their way down "'irough the pith often to a distance 

 of often more th;iu 2 feet, completely filling the channel behind them as 

 they progress with their frass. At the commencement of November most 

 of the lavfe are full grown, and proceed to fill closely with frass the 

 lower end of the burrow for about one-quarter or one half inch. They 

 then eat a passage through the side of the shoot and about one-quarter 

 inch above the prospective cocoon, without, however, cutting through 

 the bark. After this the delicate, transparent, cylindrical cocoon is 

 spun, in which the larva remains through the whole winter. About the 

 1st of March it changes to pupa, in which state it remains for about 

 a month and a half. 



This is so far the only species among the Cephides found in America 

 of which the history is known, although in Europe several species 

 belonging to different genera have been found to infest stems, branches, 

 or leaf-buds of different plants, and one species {Cephus pygmcvus) is 

 quite injurious to growing wheat, boring in the stalks in a simUar 

 manner. 



REMEDIES. 



A very simple remedy consists in pruning the tips of the shoots as 

 soon as they commence to wilt. The tips should be cut off* about 2 or 

 3 inches below the point where the punctures girdle the stem. The sev- 

 ered tips may be allowed to remain on the ground, as the eggs or larvae 

 will not develop in them, and whatever parasites the species may have 

 will then probably mature. 



DESCRIPTIVE. 



Phyllcecus integer, Norton. 



There are some differences between the specimens reared here and 

 Norton's description of integer, but we feel disinclined to give them 

 specific weight. According to Cresson's catalogue this species is placed 

 in the genus Cephus, but from the few characters given in his synopsis 

 we are not able to i)lace it in this genus, and it is excluded from the 

 only alternate, Janus, by characters given by Norton. We are there- 

 fore obliged to retain it in Phyllcecus. 



Egg. — Leugth almost 1'"'", white, polished, elongate, oval, and slightly curved. 

 Stouter at one eud and more pointed at the other. 



Larva. — Average length when full grown about 10""'". Diameter almost 3™"\ Color 

 yellowish. Head polished, indistinctly reticulated, with four shallow foveas on the 

 clypeus and a deeper one each side. Labrum large, conical, its tip rounded. Auten- 

 nsB 6-jointed, extremely small, the 3 basal joints much the stoutest; rather close to 

 the very small eyes. Mandibles large, broad, with .3 brown teeth. Thorax much 

 swollen, especially its two posterior segments. Legs rudimentary, having a stout 



