248 



again uuitiiig they escape to the exterior, forming a cone of liquid much more ex- " 

 tended than that which can be obtained by the Riley atomizer. 



We have long employed this, and have found it really good, naturally under such 

 conditions as we shall see further on. [Pages 36-37 of report above mentioned".] 



Dr. Alpe coiitiuues, quotinjj Professor Cettoliui as to the various other 

 styles of nozzles showu at tbe expositiou, aud concludes the discussion 

 of nozzles by indorsing Professor Cettolini's views, that a simple rub- 

 ber tip, which can be compressed and deflexed by a spring, so as to 

 regulate the amount and direction of the spray, is superior, at least for 

 spraying lime solntions, to the metal nozzles. 



The more important modihcatious brought out in France and alluded 

 to in the above extract may now be treated at greater length iu connec- 

 tion with drawings of each. 



The Noel Nozzle. — The Noel nozzle, as made by the firm of Noel, Paris, 

 is shown at Fig. 57. It is constructed on essentially the same princi- 

 ple as the Riley nozzle, except that the upper i^arts of the chamber and 

 the discharge orifice are somewhat modified. 



The circular chamber is abruptly widened at the top, making in fact a 

 separate chamber of larger diameter superadded to the lower chamber. 

 On the shoulder thus formed rests a circular disk, d, fiat or slightly 

 concave below, and which plays up and down between the shoulder 

 aud removable cap c, which closes the end of the upper chamber, a 

 space of about three sixteenths of an inch. The center of this disk is 

 pierced with an opening, as in the Riley, and the upper surface is built 

 up around this orifice, both from its outer circumference and the edge of 

 the central orifice, into a rim surrounding a conical depression in the 



Fio. 57. — The Niiel nozzle (origiual). 



center of the disk. This rim, when the valve like disk is raised, pro- 

 trudes through the face of the removable cap, and when lowered is 

 jiearly on a level with its outer surface. 



The liquid on entering the chamber first issues from the central ori- 

 fice, exactly as in the Riley type, and is diffused in a diverging cone- 

 shaped spray, but the pressure of the whirling liquid rising into the 

 ui)per chamber forces itself around the valve-like disk d, and depress- 

 ing it, partially issues around the outer rim of the disk in a converging 

 cone of spray, thus interfering with the discharge from the central 

 orifice. It is claimed this tends to creater diffusion and admits of the 



