

267 



Mr. Crawford first learned of this system of nozzles though Mr. Hub- 

 bard's lieport on Insects Affecting the Orange, sent him from the De- 

 partment of Agriculture. He had several made which he used success- 

 fully in his orchards and gardens, but desiring a larger amount of spray 

 than one nozzle furnished he combined them in doublets and triplets 

 as desired, by branching the discharge pipe near the end and attaching 

 a nozzle to each branch and holding all together by means of a clamp. 

 This idea led to the development of the triplet shown in the cut, and 

 is more fully set forth in the communication with which I will close this 

 second paper. 



When it came to the knowledge of the Division that the eddycham- 

 ber system of nozzles was being successfully used in Australia, an or- 

 der for specimen nozzles was sent to the makers above mentioned, as 

 also the request that they furnish information about its introduction 

 there, and the adoption of the peculiar form of triplet manufactured by 

 them. This letter being published in a New Zealand paper, called forth 

 the following response from Mr. Crawford, through which we learned 

 the details of its introduction and development in that part of the 

 world. That portion of the letter which relates to the matter under 

 consideration is here given, as it is of considerable interest : 



Surveyor-General's Office, 



South Australia, June 11, 1888. 



Dear Sir: 



(4) Regarding the Riley Cyclone-nozzle. By a New Zealand paper I perceive that you 

 have ordered from Messrs. Kutzner Bros, of that colony a triplet cyclone-nozzle, as 

 you are about to issue a bulletin on that very useful nozzle. The early history of 

 the cyclone-nozzle in Australia you will find in my report on the Fusiciadiums, etc. 

 The origiual triplet as figured, being the first made in the Australian colonies, is the 

 one I still use in my garden. This I lent to Mr. Dobbie of Gawler Place, Adelaide, 

 who undertook to uuinufacture them on his own account, and he improved on mine 

 by fixing the three nozzles to a central chamber, the top of which unscrews. These 

 have been 'sold in New Zealand, Victoria, Tasmania, and New South Wales, one be- 

 ing purchased by Kutzner Bros., who wrote to me about it. * * * I regret to 

 say that an enterprising Californiau, a William Spawn, has been allowed to patent 

 it in South Australia, although his patent is not worth anything because mine was 

 made and publicly exhibited before he applied for the patent. He has also patented 

 it in Victoria. The drawing accompanying his specifications was simply an enlarge- 

 ment of the drawing of the nozzle as figured in one of your reports. 



I consider the cyclone type of nozzle as the greatest boon that orchardists have re- 

 ceived, as without it it is quite impossible to spray a large orchard satisfactorily. 



Yours, very faithfully, 



Frazer S. Crawford. 

 Professor Riley. 



