THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 39 



these houses — these larval cases — whether closely attached in clusters to the 

 twigs as at Figure 18, b, or hidden in a few seared and silk-sewed leaves as 

 at Figure 19, are unerring tokens of past injury to the tree, and symbols of 

 increased injury in the future, unless removed. The bunches of leaves an- 

 [Fig. 19.] chored to the tree by strong silken ca- 



bles and breasting deiiantly everj- win- 

 ter's wind, are, indeed, significant 

 insignia upon Avhich is written in char- 

 acters, if not in words — '' result of care- 

 less culture and unpardonable neglect." 

 This insect sometimes becomes so 

 prodigiously multij)lied in young or- 

 chards or in the nursery, as to seriously 

 affect the' health of the trees ; for it does 

 not confine itself to the leaves, but often 

 in early spring commences on the swelling buds, attacks the young fruit, or 

 gnaws the tender bark. Though I have not met with this Leaf-crumpler 

 in Southern Illinois, it nevertheless occurs throughout our own State, and 

 is quite injurious in the southwestern counties. There is but one brood a 

 year, and the larva, about one-third grown, invariably passes the wintei* 

 protected in its case. At this season of the year it is always of a deep red- 

 dish-brown color. As the leaves expand in spring it rouses from its winter 

 lethargy, and after " heaving anchor "—to use a nautical expression— by 

 severing the silken connections of its case, travels in search of food, and, 

 having found it, secures its case again and breaks its long fiist. Toward the 

 end of May it acquires its growth, when the earlier brown color frequently 

 takes on a more or less decided -deep green hue. It is a smooth worm with 

 the head and thoracic joints as represented at c. The case at this time usu- 

 ally presents the appearance of Figure 18, a, being crooked and twisted 

 like a little horn, gradually enlarging, cornucopia-lashion, from tip to 

 mouth, and reminding one strongly of a piece of bird dung. It is formed of 

 the worm's excrement and other debris, interwoven with silk, and is com- 

 pletely lined on the inside with a carpet of the last named material. The 

 worm leaves it for feeding purposes mostly during the night. The chrysa- 

 lis is formed inside this case, and the moths commence to make their appear- 

 ance during the forepart of June, and later as we go further north. 



The moth (Fig. 18, d and Fig. 20, c) has the front wings of a pale ash-gray 

 color, variegated with cinnamon-brown and dark brown ; while the hind 

 wings are of a uniform dusky-gray. The male is distinguished from the 

 female by a little horn-like tuft on the basal joint of the antenna?, which is a 

 characteristic of the genus. The worms hatching from the eggs deposited 

 by these moths are about one-third grown when winter sets in, and they 

 pass this season as already described, and thus the insect continues from 

 year to year the cycle of its life. 



I have bred this insect from Apple, Cherry, wild and cultivated ; Plum, 

 wild and cultivated; Quince, and Crab-apple, and have noticed the cases on 



