THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 69 



and applied in the same manner described above, has also given good results. 

 A mixture composed of lime and sulphur boiled in water at the rate of 

 about five pounds lime and five pounds sulphur to one gallon of water, and 

 applied when hot, has been found good. 



Alkalies seem to invigorate the vines, bat do not affect the lice. They 

 are also too costly. Salt. — Vines on lands strongly imjDregnated with salt 

 have been found to resist the attacks of the lice. Acids generally are neu- 

 tralized by the lime which most soils contain. 



Sulphur has been thoroughly tried without any good results, either 

 upon the leaf-lice or root-lice. 



Sulphuretted hydrogen. — They have tried to jjumj^ this into the soil, but 

 the pumps always break, and no one would think of going to such trouble 

 here. 



Sulphate of iron is of no account. SulpJiate of copper destroys the roots. 

 Numerous other chemicals have been exjicrimented with, but with very lit- 

 tle or no success, and tbej- are besides not applicable on a large scale. 



Irrigation and submersion have been pretty thoroughly tested, and it is 

 doubtful, even where they can be emjDloyed, whether they have any other 

 effect than that of invigorating the vines, as the lice are, man}^ of them, 

 still found alive after a submergence of months. These methods must be 

 considered conservatives rather than curatives. 



RESUME OF THE INSECT's HISTORY. 



We have had in this country, from time immemorial, an insect attack- 

 ing our native vines, either forming galls on the leaves or gall-like excres- 

 cences on the roots.* This insect is polymorphic, as many others of its 

 Family are known to be. It also exists in two tyj)es, the one, which may 

 be termed radicicola, living on the roots, while the other, which may be 

 termed gallcecola, dwells in galls on the leaves. The latter is found more 

 especially on the Clinton and its allies, while the former is found on all 

 varieties, but flourishes best on vines belonging to the vinifera species. The 

 gall-inhabiting type was noticed and imperfectly described in 1856, but the 

 root-inhabiting type, being less conspicuous, was unknown in this country- 

 till last year. 



Such an insect is very readily transjiorted from one country to another 

 on grapf roots, seedlings, etc., and just as our Apple root-louse (Eriosoma 

 lanigera. Hausm.) was imjDorted into Eiu'ope towards the close of the last 

 centui'v. so we find that our Grrape-louse was similarly imported, in all 

 probability within the last decade. The mode of transjiort will become all 

 the more intelligible when I state that M/Signoret showed me, last Jul}-, 

 the yet living progeny of some lice which he had placed in a tightly-corked 

 glass tube the year before; and that he had managed to keep a few alive 

 for study all through the siege of Paris up to the time mentioned. 



Nothing would be more natural than its introduction at Bordeaux, 



* I have been able to trace them with absolute certainty as far back as 1845, for in the herl)ariuni 

 of Dr. Eugelmami is a specimen of wild riparia gathered in this State in that year, the leaves of 

 which are disrtgured bv the verv same sail. 



