122 



FOURTH ANNUAL REPORT OF 



black spots on frons, one behin I antenna;, a stripe around hibrum, and one at lower base of cheek : 

 the anal legs are also marked above with a rectangular black stripe. In the fifth stage, i. e. , after the 

 fourth moult, the appearance is totally changed: the body is of a mist delicate bluish- white, with a 

 faint pruiuescence; all the spiny tubercles become smooth, and with the exception of the four dorsal 

 ones on joints 2 and :i and the Iirge one on joint 11, they are mere rounded,* i)olished, black or blue- 

 black elevati(nis; the f)ur on joints 2 and ;iare at lirst yellow, with a black b.isal anuulation, but they 

 soon become red; that on joint 11, which is of the same size, remains yellow with its black base; the 

 rectangular black mirk on anals becomes sub-triangular; and the marks on front of head generally 

 disappear. The legs and anal shield are yellowish, the abdominal prolegs having each a black spot 

 outside, while there is often a minute black spot on eachside of venter, to correspond with them, on 

 joints 4 and 5. The stigmata are narrow and brown. 



As this worm acquires its full growth, the pruiuescence, mentioned 

 above disappears, and it acquires a more greenish cast, except around the 

 base of the tubercles where there is a more decided blue annulation. At this 

 [t'ig- li] time it presents the aippearance of Figure 43, d. It 



is quite irregular in developing, but usually acquires 

 its full growth within a month from hatching. In 

 making its cocoon it instinctively fastens to the 

 twig, by woolding around it a strong band or cord ol 

 silk, the leaf which it intends to use for the pur- 

 pose, and connects the leaf with this anchor band 

 by continuing the silken girdle around the leaf- 

 stalk, in the wintertime the leaf-stalk shrinksand 

 rots, so that the cocoon swings either the whole 

 length of its fastening, or but part of its length, 

 as at Figure 44. As may readily be inferred, the 

 length of this fastening depends on the length of 

 the leaf-stalk, and if no leaf-stalk is at hand the 

 worm may form a cocoon without a cord. This 

 insect is single-brooded, and the cocoons hang- 

 through the winter and give forth the moths 

 during the end of May and beginning of June. I 

 have known the latter to issue, however, during the 

 same year, but such aai occurrence must be considered excej^tional. 



The sexes differ strikingly in appearance. As with cynthia the wings 

 of the male are more narrow and more falcate than those of the female, but 

 though the same design is manifest in both sexes, the general color of the male 

 (Fig. 45) is a deep rich smoky or amber-brown ; while that of the female (Fig. 

 46) is of a lighter rust or reddish-brown. Both have a pale wavy line 

 across the middle and a clay-colored border along the hind edges of the wings. 

 Both also have an eye-like black spot with a pale bluish crescent inside, near 

 the tip of front wings ; but the female has a pale angular spot, shaded out- 

 side with black, near the middle of each wing, which is onh^ occasionally 

 faintl}- indicated on the underside in the male. The antenna^ of the male 

 are about twice as broad as those of the feniale.f 



* Sometimes conical on the back of joints 3 and 12. 



t Occasionally specimens are found combining the pattern of the female with the dark "colors of 

 the male, and these should be considered either as hermaphrodites or anomalies. But thev have 

 been described as a new species under the name of fln(/u/i/f;a bv Mr. Francis Walker of the British 

 Museum. I have seen the specimens under this name in said "Museum and in the collection of the 

 Kntomological Society of Philadelphia and should not think of considering them anything else than 



