12 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



four, six, eight or ten, but never more than ten, prolegs. With few 

 exceptions they are all vegetable feeders, and, with still fewer excep- 

 tions, terrestrial. The perfect insects make free use of their ample 

 wings, but walk little ; and their legs are weak, and not modified in the 

 various ways so noticeable in other orders, while the front pair in 

 some butterflies arfe impotent. 



As an Order this must be considered the most injurious of the 

 seven. 



A convenient system of classification for the Lepidopierai^ based 

 on the structure of the antennae. By it we get two great sections: 

 1st, Butterflies (Riiopalocera); 2nd, Moths (Heterocera), which lat- 

 ter may again be divided into Crepuscular and Nocturnal Moths. 

 Butterflies are at once distinguished from moths by their antenna 

 being straight, stiif and knobbed, and by being day-flyers or diurnal; 

 while moths have the antennas tapering to a point, and are, for the 

 most part, night-flyers or nocturnal. The crepuscular moths, cona- 

 posed mostly of the Sphinges or hawk-moths, hover over flowers at 

 eve, and not only connect the two sections in habit, but in having an- 

 tennae which first thicken toward the end, and then suddenly termi- 

 nate in a point or hook. 



[*'is- 5 J 4 — Hemiptera (jiiuffo, half; -rspa., wings), Bugs. 



The insects of this Order are naturally separated into 

 two great sections: 1st, Half-winged Bugs, or Heier- 

 optera (ir£/)or?,difi"erent ; -rc,oa, wings) having the basal 

 half of the front wings (called hemeJytra) coriaceous 

 or leathery, while the apical part is membranous. 

 The wings cross flatly over the back when at rest. 

 EcscHisTESPUNCTiPEs.^Fig. 5.) 2d, Whole-winged Bugs ov Ilomoptera (<>,y-oc, 

 [Fig. 6.] equal; 'T^pa, wings), having all four wings of a uni- 



iorm membranous nature and folding straight down 

 the back when at rest. (Fig. 6.) The latter, if sepa- 

 rated, may be looked upon as a Suborder. 



Transformations incomplete: i. e., the larva has 

 ceresa bubalus. more or less the image of the perfect insect, and dif- 

 fers little from it except in lacking wings. 



The genuine or Half-winged Bugs are usually flattened in form 

 when mature, though more rounded in the adolescent stages. They 

 may be divided into Land Bugs (Aurocorisa) and Water Bugs (Hy- 

 drocorisa). The species of the first division very generally possess 

 the power of emitting, when disturbed or alarmed, a nauseous, bed- 

 buggy odor, which comes from a fluid secreted from two pores, situated 

 on the under-side of the metathorax. Such well-known insects as the 

 Bed-bug and Chinch-bug belong here. The habits of the species are 

 varied, and while some are beneficial, others are quite injurious to 

 man. 



