64 FIFTH ANNUAL KEPOKT 



various stages and degrees of completion, the method of formation 

 was easy to observe. The first effect of the puncture is a slight de- 

 [Fig. 30] pression of the upper surface, bordered by a circular 



fringe of down (Fig. 30, c); the under or convex por- 

 tion being covered with fulvous down (Fig. 30, d). 

 As the depression increases, the circular fringe closes 

 up and forms the mouth of the gall, as already de- 

 scribed (3d Rep., p. 87). I saw Herbemont vines whose leaves were 

 covered with these abortive galls, and saw them, not only in Missouri, 

 but in Kansas. Ou some of the wild vines in the last-named State, I 

 have also collected galls which were so lengthened that they appeared 

 quite abnormal, and almost pedunculated (Fig. 30, a, h). 



This inconstancy in the habits of the gall-lice furnishes another 

 interesting instance of the changeableness of Nature, and of the 

 difficulty the naturalist encounters in making generalizations. It is 

 impossible, at the present time, to give the rationale of this change 

 of habit, though future discoveries may explain the facts and render 

 them significant. 



SUSCEPTIBILITY OF VARIETIES. 



The relative immunity of most of our American varieties, com- 

 pared with the European, is exemplified in Europe as well as in this 

 country. Several interesting instances are cited in La Province of 

 Bordeaux (Nov. 26, 1872) of our vines being cultivated, for a number 

 of years, in the midst of affected French varieties without injury; 

 while M. Laliman has been more explicit, and, mentioning varieties, 

 has shown that as with us the Lahriiscas^ as a species, suffer most, 

 {Ann. de la Soc. d^ Agr. du Dep. de la Gironde, Vol. xxvi, p. 19).* 

 M. J. Leenhardt-Pomier, of Montpellier, reports that the vines which 

 he received from this country are doing well, and gives, in substance, 

 the following details,- under date of November 6, 1872 : " Cunningham 

 showed most vigor, the leaves being as green as in summer. Next, 

 the Herbemont gave most satisfaction. Third, the Clinton. The 

 Concord and Goethe ranked next. The Rentz, and especially N. 

 Carolina, made but a feeble growth, while the Cynthiana and Ives' 

 Seedling did not succeed at all." 



From examination of some California vines, in Mr. G. Gill's vine- 

 yard at Kirkwood, I discovered that they were badly attacked by the 



»M. Laliman has published (Journ. de ViticiilHire Pratique, AY>vil2^, 1872) a colored plate of Avhat 

 is knoAvn there as the York Madeira, or Bland Madeira, a vine which he considers is the very hest as 

 resisting the Phylloxera. The plate is beautil'al, but it is ditticult to establish from it what variety is 

 meaut. It is evidently a Ripnria, having a smooth leaf, and black berry, and, according to Mr. Bush, 

 it resembles the Aiighwick in Itaf and the Israella in bunch. Ilusmaun flnds that it resembles the 

 Franklin. According to Downing, the Bland Madeira has a red berry, and the York and the Bland 

 can not be synonymous, The plate represents a variety evidently not cultivated in our State. 



Another variety, which is unnamed, and which is No. 1 of his plate, published in his work en- 

 titled "Etude sur les divers Phi/lloxcra," successfully resists the Phijlloxera. The leaf might belong to 

 Norton's or Cynthiana ; but it is impossible to give accurate judgment from a single leaf-Jigure. 



