OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 81 



by a sort of loosening and shrinking of the body underneath — all the 

 members, except the proboscis, being shed and abandoned with the 

 skin. Strengthened by the secretions from the body, this skin forms 

 the larval or first scale, (Fig. 32, 7i), and the cast-off antennae are more 

 or less easily discerned, as are also the intersections of the body. The 

 legs and anal setfe are more thoroughly obliterated, though, by proper 

 manipulation, traces of the former may be found. 



For the sake of precision, let us now first trace the growth of the 

 female, and afterward that of the male. As the now memberless and 

 underljang body increases so as to crowd against the inner wall of its 

 carapace, the latter is lifted up at its hind end, and the second or 

 medial scale is soon secreted, as already illustrated (Rep. 1, Fig. 3, 4). 

 Presently, the skin is shed a second time, and mingles with the sec- 

 ond secretion, which thus takes on the form of the body, and shows 

 the insections almost as plainly as in the first scale (Fig. 32,^). In a 

 short time this second scale becomes too small, and as the inclosed 

 body needs more and more room, this scale, in its turn, is lifted up 

 behind, and the third portion, or shield proper, (anal sack of Mr. 

 Walsh), rapidly forms, by a series of increments, and soon acquires 

 its final shape, which varies considerably, according as the lice are 

 crowded or not, but has more often that of an elongate oyster- shell, 

 and, upon close examination, is seen to consist of about 'a dozen more 

 or less distinct eccentric layers or strata (Fig. 32, f). It is not known 

 whether the female sheds her skin more than twice, but there is no 

 evidence that she does. As pregnancy advances, she loses the jug- 

 shape of her earlier days, (Rep. 1, Fig. 3, 5), and becomes more rounded 

 and swollen (Fig. 33, d). If carefully examined, the proboscis, which 

 is easily overlooked on account of its fineness, will be found to con- 

 sist of a long, thread-like organ, originating from a tubercle on the 

 anterior, inferior surface, (Fig. 32, d). I have often succeeded in ex- 

 tricating it entire, and the end may be seen to be tripartite, though 

 in reality the whole is composed of four pieces.* It is undoubtedly 

 tractile, and, when once inserted, extends, perhaps as much from pure 

 growth as from effort on the part of the animal, for it certainly has 

 no such length in the active larva as it possesses in the adult female. 

 It seems to be the seat of a good deal of nervous force, and quite 

 strong, as it is capable of a serpentine and jerking motion, and when 

 the scale is raised, frequently retains the louse, and prevents her fall- 

 ing to the ground. It is, perhaps, not thrust straight into the bark, 

 but runs just under the more delicate epidermis, in a line with the 

 body of the louse ; for such is the case with the White Pine-leaf scale 



•III former years this sucker was overlooked by myself, as well as by others, though we knew 

 from analogy that it must exist. After the eye is once trained in special search for it, this sucker may 

 be seen even with a good lens, and appears corneous and darker than the body. If not broken oil', it 

 is longer than the body, and though usually but three ends can be seen, I have been fortunate enough to 

 separate and discern four pieces close to the base, the two upjier corresponding to the upper jaws, 

 (mandibulce) , and the two lower to the lower jaws (raaxilla) . 



E.R — 6 



