98 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



described * by Dr. Fitch,f who had but an imperfect knowledge of it, 

 and mistook the scale for the relic of the body of the dead female, 

 and the true relic of said body for the remains of viscera; the three 

 parts of the scale seemed to him to represent the head, thorax, and 

 abdomen, while the male scales were supposed to be but half grown. 

 In 1870 the male louse was simultaneously discovered by Dr. LeBaron 

 and myself, and the first comprehensive account of the species ap- 

 peared in the former's first report (pp. 83-96). 



ITS NATURAL, HISTORy 



Is briefly told. The eggs, which may always be found under the new 

 and healthy female scales during the winter, to the number of from 

 fifteen to thirty, instead of from thirty to a hundred, as in the Oyster- 

 shell species, are scarcely 0.01 inch in length, perfectly oval, and of a 

 blood-red or brown-red color. The young larvns usually commence 

 hatching and leaving the scales about the first of May, though I have 

 known them to do so as early as the 25th of April. They are of the 

 same blood-red color as the e^g^ but have, otherwise, essentially the 

 same form and structure as jjoinicorticis, though the head appears 

 rather more squarely cut off between the antennas, and is sometimes 

 ■even a little sunken. The joints of the antennae are irregular and not 

 easily' distinguished, but I have discerned seven, the terminal one 

 ending in a long hair, and having two lateral hairs, the middle joint 

 also having quite constantly two lateral hairs. The claw of the tarsi 

 is imperfect and clumsy, and the two upper knobbed hairs or digituli 

 are much longer than the lower ones. 



The earliest hatched are, for the most part, males. They travel 

 but little, and remain on the old leaves. Indeed, they often become 

 attached under the tented protection of the mother scale. Soon after 

 fastening, the skin becomes yellowish, and, with the exception of the 

 antennse, all trace of members is lost to the unassisted eye; a ridge 

 forms down the middle of the back, and a dusky spot each side of it 

 may always be noticed anteriorly. After the retreat of the insect, 

 this scale is delicate, semi-transparent and amber-colored. The anal 

 shield is pure white, straight, widening slightly behind, where it is 

 either cutoff squarely or ends in a slight lobe or an obtuse angle ; the 

 posterior border is somtimes ridged, and a distinct longitudinal ridge 

 always runs along the middle. The average length of the male scale 

 is 0.035, and it is fully formed in about ten daj'^s from hatching (Fig. 

 35,5). 



* Signoret informs me, after examiuing specimens sent to him, that it is probably the jyini of Har- 

 tig, described in 1839 in tlie Jahresbcrichte ueber die Fortschritte der Forstioisscnschaft for that year. Not 

 having access to the work, I am nnable to decide the point; but I know that a very similar, if not identi- 

 cal, species occurs on the cultivated pines in England, as I have seen it on some trees in Mr. W. C. 

 llewitson's beautiful grounds, at Weighbridge. 



t N. Y. Reps. Vol. I, p. 256. 



