OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 



99 



The male louse (Fig. 36) may be seen by the well-trained eye, 

 crawling over the needles and branches, and he may be found before 



the anal shield of any of the fe- 

 ^^ males begins to form. He has the 

 same size and structure as his ap- 

 ple tree kinsman, and differs princi- 

 pally in being of a uniform orange- 

 red. 



The female scale averages 0.10 

 in length, and is completed in about 

 three weeks; the median part is 

 a little darker than the larval, and 

 the anal shield has an even, white 

 surface. It differs materially in 

 form, according to the kind of pine 

 it inhabits, being broader and more 

 curved on the broader-leaved spe- 

 cies, (Fig. 35, d). but usually narrow, and with a very slight curve on 

 one side, on the White Pine (Fig. 35, c). The female herself presents 

 very much the same appearance as figure 32, d^ except in being red. 

 The form is more lengthened, and there are not the strong bristles on 

 the lobes of the abdominal joints. The margin of the anal plate is, 

 also, less deeply notched, and the tubular secretors near it form a 

 more regular row. The minute circular secretors are compact, the 

 median set composed of 7-10, the upper laterals of 12-20, and the 

 lower laterals of 14-18 — the upper andlower laterals sometimes blend- 

 ing. 



The newly-hatched female lice are instinctively prompted to mi- 

 grate to the terminal and more permanent foliage, so as not to be 

 borne to the ground themselves, or permit their eggs to be so carried 

 to destruction, on the more basal leaves ; while, as we have seen, the 

 shorter-lived males, which are soon destined to become active again, 

 fix themselves indifferently on the older foliage. The 'same end is 

 attained on the part of the female as in the case of the Oyster-shell 

 species, though a converse action is required in its attainment. 



TWO-BROODED. 



The Pine-leaf Scale-insect produces at least two broods each year, 

 even in the more northern regions, where the Oyster-shell Bark-louse 

 is single-brooded. Furthermore, the hatching is much more irregular 

 than in the last-named species, so that it is difficult, if not impossible, 

 to establish any definite period which shall separate the two broods. 

 Neither am I sure that there are not more than two annual broods in 

 the latitude of St. Louis ; at all events, during the fore part of July 

 the insect may be found in every stage of development, from the 

 newly fixed larva to the full-formed and egg-covering female scale ; 



