100 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



while as late as the first of October, females maybe found which have 

 not yet deposited ; and even in the winter time many dried bodies are 

 discovered, more or less completely filled with eggs, and indicating 

 that they were overtaken by frost and killed before having accom- 

 plished the great end of their life. 



CONFINED TO THE PINES PROPEK. 



From observations extending over several years, I conclude that 

 this scale flourishes on trees belonging to the genus Pinus only, as I 

 have never found it on the allied spruces or firs, or on any trees belong- 

 ing to the other genera of the Pine family. The Red Pine {P. 7'esin- 

 osa), the Bhotan Pine (P. excelsa). and the Yellow Pine {P. miiis), are 

 affected almost as badly as the White Pine ; while the Cembra Pine 

 (P. cemhra) I have found, in two instances, still more susceptible to 

 it. It occurs only sparselj?^ on the Pyrenaian Pine (P. j^yTenaica) 

 and the Corsican Pine {P. laricio) ; while on the Scotch Pine (P. syl- 

 vestris), the Austrian Pine (P. austriaca)^ and the P. pumilio^ it 

 likewise occurs sparsely, and the scales are broader. 



NATURAL ENEHUES. 



There is no evidence that mites attack this species as they do the 

 preceding, but the smooth holes made by a little Chalcid which has 

 not yet been bred, but which is either the Aphelinus mytilaspidis 

 LeB,, or a closely allied species, may frequently be noticed in the 

 scales. The larvas of certain small ladybirds belonging to the genus 

 Scymnus^ with their dense and even clothing of white cottony tufts,* 

 feed alike on the Bark-lice and upon a woolly Aphid {Chermes pini- 

 corticis, Fitch) which ofttimes covers the bark, and is frequently found 

 in conjunction with the leaf-scale. 



Certain unbred Lace-wing flies ( Clirysopa) are also quite com- 

 mon, and their white, spherical, silken cocoons (s«e Rep. 1, Fig. 20, c), 

 which are fastened to the twigs, should never be destroyed. 



The Twice-stabbed Ladybird ( Chilocorus hivulnerus Muls., Rep. 

 1, Fig. 4) may frequently be found crawling over the scale-infested 

 trees, and is most efficient in checking the increase of the Coccids. 

 Both the beetle and its gray and prickly larvas feast upon the lice, 

 and require great numbers of such minute animals to appease their 

 appetites. I have often colonized a dozen or more larvae on to a badly 

 aff'ected young tree, and the rapidity with which they clear such a tree 

 is both interesting and satisfactory. I have previously shown how 

 these prickly larvae gather together and attach themselves in clusters 

 when about to assume the pupa state, and how the pupa remains pro- 



* I have bred Scymnus consobrinus 'Lee, and S. ccf?jjca/js Muls., from larvaj thus found, and Dr. 

 Shimer has found S. tcrminatus Say, under similar conditions (Trans. Am. Ent. Soc. II, p. 385) . A 

 somewhat larger hut similar larva found upon infested trees produces, as I have some reason to be- 

 lieve, the Hypcraspis normata, Say. 



