116 



FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



of a fleshy outside covering, like the hull of a walnut, and of a much 

 harder, woody interior, with numerous longitudinal two-tiered cells or 

 cavities, the upper tier twice as long and more regularly separated by 

 harder fibre than the lower. The yellow larvae are found in these 

 cavities, and they have a brown, clove-shaped breast-bone. This gall, 

 which bears so great a semblance to a fruit, doubtless carries the sem- 

 blance still further by falling to the ground. And as the seed is 

 released upon the death of the fruit which surrounded it, and con- 

 signed to the bosom of the great Mother Earth for development, so 

 the larvae escape from the decomposing and softening gall to consign 

 themselves likewise to the same great Nursery, which seems to be 

 absolutely necessary for their well-being and growth, as I have kept 

 the galls for over a year out of Earth and away from her fecund influ- 

 ences without getting the perfect gnats. 



This gall was first described in the American Entoraologist^ (Vol. 

 1, p. 106.) 



THE GRAPE-VINE FILBERT-GALL— F^'zli's coryloides W. &R. 



(Ord. DiPTERA, Fam. Cecidomyidje.) 



This gall, (Fig. M-, h,) as its 

 name implies, bears some re- 

 semblance to a large bunch of 

 filberts or hazel-nuts. It is 

 found more frequently than 

 the preceding, and especially 

 on the wild River Bank grape, 

 {^Riparla)^ in the month of 

 July. It is an assemblage of 

 separate galls, more or less 

 coalescent, varying in number 

 from 10 to 40 or more, and of 

 difi"erent shapes, being either 

 round, irregularly oval, fusi- 

 form or pyriform, but gener- 

 ally narrowing at tip. When 

 young, these galls are densely 

 pubescent or woolly on the 

 outside, but less so when ma- 

 ture. The interior is fleshy, 

 juicy, sub-acid; and a trans- 

 verse section shows a single 

 longitudinal cell in each (Fig. 44, c.) The Jgall is evidently a defor- 



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