122 



FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



52, a). With the third molt, they assume the pupa state (Fig. 52, J), 



in which the wing-pads become conspicuous, the 



spines are reduced in size, and the prothorax is 



produced into a point behind. With the fourth and 



last molt, which takes place toward the end of July, 



the mature characteristics are suddenly acquired. 



This Tree-hopper is a j^'ellowish-green, hunchbacked 



object, with two little horns on the prothorax, which 



render its name not inappropriate (Fig. 51, «, side ""^^ 



view; I, back view). It subsists, during its whole 



life, on the sap of apple, pear and other trees; but never does serious 



injur5^ The female is furnished with a sheathed ovipositor (Fig. 52, 



c) well adapted for making the incisions described. In common with 



all the other insects of its Family, (Order Homoptera, Fam. Mem- 



[Fig. 53.] hracididcB)^ it has remarkable jumping power. 



A fourth kind of egg-puncture, very similar to those just 

 described, but with the eggs inserted more regularly, and 

 more closely together, (Fig. 53, a, natural size; &, enlarged), is 

 also frequently found on apple twigs. It is doubtless produced 

 by some closely allied tree-hopper, but the species is not yet 

 known. 

 A fifth kind of puncture is found not unfrequently in 

 the tender growth of sassafras. It consists of a continu- 

 ous raised slit (Fig. 54, c) of the epidermis, into which areliij' 

 regularly crowded a series of elongate-oval, dirty yellow 

 eggs, each 0.04 inch long, and the end of one pressed on 

 to the top of the next, as represented enlarged in the 

 figure («, eggs extracted, J, within twig.) About the 

 middle of May, these eggs produce little hoppers, which' 

 leave a thin and delicate pellicle attached to each egg- 

 shell, at the point of egress, as is so generally, if not uni- 

 versally, the custom with Ilomoptera and OrtJioptera. 

 As soon as they begin to pump the sap of the tree on 

 which they hatch, these insects copiously secrete a fari- 

 nose or cottony substance, which completely covers them. 

 They grow slowly, shed their skins but three times, so far 

 as I have been able to observe, and by the first of Sep- 

 tember, or earlier, produce the Frosted Lightning-hopper {Pcecilop- 

 iera pruinosa., Say). 



This insect belongs to the same suborder as the preceding, but to 

 the family Fulgoi^uhe, the insects of which are remark- 

 able for their marvelously quick jumping power, and for 

 the large size of the soft wings — some species looking 

 much like moths. The species under consideration is 

 quite common on a variety of trees, and varies from lead-color to pale 

 green, and is dusted over with a fine white powder. Up to the time 



