OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 135 



ferent molts by drawing together, with a little silk, two or three of 

 the leaves of their food-plant — thus forming a screen and shelter. 

 They separate more and more as they get larger, but a few may 

 always be found in proximity, even in the last stage. 



Larval Changes. — The spines are situated as in Mala, viz.: 8 on jts. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 

 and 10 ; 6 on jts. 6, 7, 8 and 9 ; 5 on jt. 11, and 7 on jt. 12. In the first stage the dorsal 

 rows have much the same structure as in Mala, consisting of a stem or tubercle nearly 

 as long as the diameter of body, and bifid on thoracic joints, but the set of merepouits 

 around truncated end in Mala, are here lengthened into spines, and the terminal bris- 

 tle is reduced and stouter (Fig. 66, c). The body is smooth, bright orange,. and the 

 spines are of the same color, with the terminal half of the dorsal and tips of subdorsal 

 ones black. The head varies from copal-yellow to black, with a few pale hairs around 

 the tropin. In the second stage tlie b ody becomes paler, but with a darker medio-dorsal 

 and three yellow lateral longitudinal lines. The tubercles are more bulbous and sprang- 

 ling, those of the dorsal row having a stout central and terminal black spine (Fig. 66, 

 6), and, except near head, having no bristles or aculei. The subdorsal spines have a 

 little black at tips, and the lower ones are pale and weak, consisting, toward the basal 

 part of the tubercles, of mere bristles. The labrum and a V-shaped epistomal mark on 

 head are pale yellow, and the black ocelli are relieved by a pale surrounding. In the 

 ihii-d stage the tubei'cles become more fasciculate, with few of the spines black, except 

 at extreme tips and toward head, where the stems are longer, and the terminal halves 

 of the four upper ones, on jt. 1 more especially, are black, with pale bristles. The body 

 still inclines to orange, but the yellow longitudinal lines are broader, and two addi- 

 tional somewhat brolcen ones, appear between the dorsal spines. The head is 

 green on top and on the cheeks, and dusky in front, while the black Y sutures separate 

 the yellow V mark. The stigmata are dusky. Inthe fourth stage the bases of the tu- 

 bercles are more bulbous and yellowish-white, the general color of the body is greener, 

 the substigmatal line being pale and distinct, except on thoracic joints, where it is ob- 

 solete, and bordered above by a broader stigmatal orange-red stripe. The sphies are 

 greener, mostly translucent, but opaque toward^ tip — those on posterior half of bods'- 

 inclining, more and more, to fuscous ; the extreme tips are dusky. Stigmata pale ful- 

 vous. In the fifth stage the body is pale green above stigmatal line, darker below, with 

 the stigmatal stripe more pink, the spines having still less black, and the dorsal ones 

 shorter and more evenly shorn (Fig. 66, a). In the sixth stage there is little change, 

 except in size, and the mature larva may be thus described : 



Average length 2 inches. Color pea-green, the sprangling spines moreyellowish, 

 and frequently tij^ped with black, especially anteriorly, posteriorly and laterally ; all 

 which are substigmatal, and those oa the thoracic and anal joints terminate in pale 

 aculei or bristles ; the others mostly taper to a stout point. A conspicuous substigma- 

 tal white line, bordered above with a broader lilaceous stripe, obsolete on thoracic 

 joints, and containing pale, piliferous dots. Stigmata elliptic-oval, yellow, with dark 

 brown annulus ; venter green, with a few scattering white hairs, and two pale, lilaceous 

 patches on all but thoracic joints, each patch containing oval, pale-green, piliferous spots. 

 Cervical shield, anal plates and a spot outside of prolegs of the same lilaceous color. 

 Legs pale brown, with whitish bristles, the prolegs with brown hooks. Head polished 

 green, with black ocelli. 



Considerable variation is shown in individuals, and in one batch which I reared, a 

 single larva, during the second stage, showed such exceptional coloring as to attract 

 attention. The spines were almost white, and it had distinct dorsal and subdorsal red 

 lines, not possessed by the others. These peculiarities were subsequently lost. 



When about to transform, it draws a few leaves together, gene- 

 rally near the ground, and spins a thin, weak cocoon of a gummy 

 brown silk. The pupa is of the same general form as that of Maia, 



