146 FIFTH ANNUAL REPORT 



THE EGG. 



The egg, now described for the first time, is usually fastened 

 singly, (though I have found as many as six on one leaf,) and not very 

 firmly, to the under side of a leaf. It is perfectly smooth, shiny, globu- 

 lar, translucent, pale yellowish-green, and 0.035 inch in diameter — 

 often (unnaturally) flattened at top. It has always hatched, with me, 

 within five, and sometimes in four days after deposition. 



Thus, while the larva of Papliia reminds us of Goniloha and the 

 chrysalis of Danais, the egg recalls Papilio. 



THE LARVA. 



The newly hatched larva is of the same color as the plant, and 

 invariably commences feeding at the tip of a leaf, stripping it down 

 the midrib, upon which, between meals, it rests exposed, (Fig. 72, a), 

 and in this respect much resembles the young Limenitis dissippus at 

 the same age. The leaf-case Avhicli it inhabits later in life is not 

 made till after the first, and sometimes not till after the second, molt ; 

 and from the facts that the young larva does not need it, and that the 

 full-grown larva is often seen feeding under a broiling sun, I infer that 

 the case is not so much intended for shelter, (the opinion formerly 

 held), as for a shield against enemies, hereafter mentioned. 



Larval Chaxges. — In. i\\e first stage the mature characteristics are already indi- 

 cated, and there is less change in this than in most Lepidopterous larv:i3 with which I 

 am familiar. The form is less cj'lindrical, and the head is smoother, with the tubercles 

 sub-obsolete (Fig. 72, &); but it is similarly mottled with brown. The ocelli — 5 in num- 

 ber, 3 of them larger than the others — are black, and placed some distance back of the 

 antenna? ; the sutures are well defined by dark lines, and there is a dark line on the 

 neck, behind the head. The papilla? on the body are less numerous, and arranged more 

 in transverse rows, there being four tolerably distinct transverse wrinkles to each joint. 

 The dark spots between the papillte, aiid wldeh are mere surface marks, though minute, 

 are distinctly visible, and two of the pale dorsal papilla? on the anterior wrinkle of each 

 joint are larger than the rest. In the seco7id stage the head (Fig. 72, d, enlarged) is 

 more warty and more bilobed, with the three black ocelli still more separated from the 

 others ; it is pale laterally and behind, but dark on the flattened face, with the papillse 

 white, and conspicuous among them four large conical ones, in a transverse row, above 

 €pistoma, which is itself marked with a more or loss cordate, pale figure, and another 

 V-shaped, narrower, pale line along tlfe suture ; on the top are two prominent, black, 

 bluntly-bifid tubercles, with two smaller but similar white ones between and just be- 

 hind them, and laterally between them and the ocelli a simple, conical dark one. On 

 joint 5 dorsally, and 8, 9 and 10 laterally, there is considerable black between the pa- 

 pilke, while the whole dorsum of 11 and 12 is dark, and the anal shield is brownish: 

 the four more or less distinct transverse rows of papilla? to each joint are now inter- 

 spersed with more minute ones. In the third stage the head is proportionally larger 

 than'before, with the tubercles relatively reduced in size, and some of the formerly 

 white ones are fulvous, except at tip. The papill.'c on the body are more numerous, 

 with the intervening non-elevated dots, pale rust-brown. Usually these coalesce into 

 3 darker spots dorsally on joint 5, and into one each side of 8, 9 and 10, (Fig. 72, c, en- 

 larged), while the dorsum of 11 and 12 is frequently black. In the fourth stage the 

 tubercles of the head are again reduced (Fig. 72, e, enlarged) very much as in the first 



