OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 49 



counteract the disease, even if all other remedies failed. In the 

 grape-growing districts of France, where the disease is so sweeping, 

 and where the grape is so exclusively grown that its failure affects 

 whole communities, the people may be obliged, and can afford to go 

 to much labor and expense in the use of insecticides to save their 

 vines. Such insecticides may also be used in this country, where it is 

 desired to save a few choice vines regardless of expense and time. 

 But I greatly fear that no direct remedy for such an under-ground 

 enemy will ever be discovered that will not entail too much labor and 

 expense to be used, to any great extent, by our own grape-growers, 

 who will either prefer to confine their attention to varieties which 

 resist, or abandon the business entirely. Yet if it shall once be demon- 

 strated that varieties which now fail may be grown when grafted onto 

 those which resist, 1 see no reason why it should not become as much 

 a custom and a maxim among grape-growers, to use some other vine as 

 stock for such varieties as the Catawba, for instance, as it already is 

 among pear-growers to use the quince, or among cherry growers to 

 use Mahaleb, Mazard or Morello, as stocks. 



In the course of a year or two we shall be able to fairly judge of 

 the efficacy of the plan, for aside from the trials that I am making in 

 this country, others are being made on an extensive scale in France. 

 Quite a number of plants, for the purpose of experiment, were sent 

 over there from this country in the spring of 1872; and the demand has 

 now become so great that a single firm, Isidor Bush & Co., of St. Louis, 

 has lately received orders for about four hundred thousand cuttings to 

 be consigned to one place, Montpellier, and consisting of such varieties 

 as have been recommended by Prof. Planchon and myself, as best 

 resisting the disease. There is every reason to hope for the best re- 

 sults irom these importations, as those vines, such as Herbemont, 

 Cunningham, Concord, Clinton, etc, which best resist here, and which 

 were planted there in 1871 and 1872, in Phylloxera-infested districts, 

 have, thus far, done surprisingly well, as MM. J. Leenhardt-Pomier, T. 

 PuUiat and others testify. (16.) 



As bearing on this subject, we have seen that the Southern 

 Fox {vulpina) is the only species that is totally exempt from 

 both leaf- and root-lice. This species is of no value whatever in the 

 latitude of St. Louis, and does not flourish above latitude 35°. It 

 can not, therefore, be made of any avail here, and it is doubtful 

 whether they will be able to profit by its immunity in the blighted 

 French vineyards. It may grow and ripen its fruit in the extreme 

 southern portion of that country, but it requires a special mode of 

 culture, and the lateness and irregularity of its ripening are no advan- 

 tage ; while the great difference between its wood and that of the other 



