OF THK STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 67 



while subventrally a row of 4 or 5 such points are sometimes visible on the larger 

 abdominal joints. {Fig. 5, f, (/.) 



y?. Perfect or Winged Form. — Wings niembranaceons and slightly fulitjinous. 

 Body non-tubercled, of a brighter yellow color. Thorax with an encircling 

 broad, dusky band ; the niesosternal plates darkest ; the more corneous parts very 

 tinely striate, the softer parts slightly rugose. Eyes large, with roi'nded focets; 

 deep reddish-brown. Three ocelli, two between the antenn:e and the eyes, and 

 one in front between the bases of the antenntc. Antennte long, with the third 

 joint showing two constrictions, and generally two corneous plates, the terminal 

 more elongated than the other. Legs long, the two joints of tarsus distinct, and 

 the digituli more or less perfect. Rostrum reddish at base. The most numerous 

 individuals, which are females, almost thrice as long as broad, slightly constricted 

 behind the thorax ; the wings extending half their length beyond the tip of the 

 abdomen, and having their veins indistinct, straight and disconnected (Fig. 

 7, a). A few, the true nature of which is yet problematical, somewhat smaller, 

 with the body onl}' half again as long as broad, the thoracic band paler; and 

 the mesosternal plates, antenn;e, legs and wings all proportionally larger and 

 stronger, the wings with the veins more distinct and curving and anastomos- 

 ing at base (Fig. 7, b). 

 This diagnosis might be greatl}^ extended in detail by the enumeration of other 

 characters which are, however, variable, and are sufiiciently indicated in the figures. By 

 virtue of a series of minute and transverse wrinkles at the hind portion of the abdom- 

 inal joints (Fig. 5, j) and the natural elasticity of the chitinous covering, the abdomen 

 is quite tractile, so that other forms but those enumerated, and some of theni interme- 

 diate, may be distinguished by those who study only individuals. The length of pro- 

 boscis is variable, as, indeed, are most of the characters given, even to the wing-veins ; 

 while the constrictions in the third joint of the antennai sometimes give that organ the 

 appearance of being either 4 or r)-jointed. The font-enscmhle of the species will not 

 however, present other permanent forms than those given. The tubercles on the head 

 are frequently so close together and indistinct as to give the body here a much more 

 dusky appearance than elsewhere ; and I have examined specimens where the tubercles 

 over the whole surface were so spread out that they were distinguished only by inter- 

 vening paler lines. 



(8) 8o great is the tendency of the down to increase under the influence of the 

 insect's puncture, that 1 have seen the tips of roots, especially when at the surface of 

 the ground, quite tomentose under its influence, thougli such roots are normallj' either 

 quite smooth or very sparsely supplied with fine hairs. 



(4) Dr. Shimer, in his paper already cited, describes what he took to be the male,_ 

 but he gives no proof of its masculinity, and there is cumulative evidence to show that 

 the few specimens he found (four winged specimens and three pupas out often thou- 

 sand galls examined) were from the roots; for these, in the pupa and winged states, 

 may occasior.ally be found wandering over the vines ; and in all my examinations I 

 have never found any pupae or winged insects that I could confidently believe were 

 produced from the type galUecola. 



(5) This fact can not be too much insisted on. In the early history of the Insect 

 in this country, when it was known only in the gall-inhabiting type, I recommended the 

 destruction or non-cultivation of the Clinton and its allies because of their liability to 

 the attacks of the i^all-louse. In the light of our present knowledge, the gall-louse is- 



