68 SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT 



•not worth considering in a vineyard Ivnown to be snfferino^ from the root-louse, and it 

 need onlj^ be watched for, and if possible checked, in a yonng vineyard into which it is 

 ■desired to prevent the introduction of the pest. 



(6) Thus, in 1870, they were very abundant on the Clinton in all the Eastern and 

 Middle States, while in 1871 and 1872 they were almost unnoticed on the Clinton, and had, 

 become more numerous on the Taylor. In the early part of the last-named year it was 

 absolutely impossible to find a ofall in the vicinity of St. Louis, where they had been so 

 ■abundant two and three years before ; while late in the season the few met with were 

 mostly on the Delaware, with abortive attempts to found them on Ilerbemont and Con- 

 cord. So in 1873, the only galls I found early in the season and in sparse numbers were 

 on Marion, there being none on some Clintons that were in the vicinity. Later in the 

 year a few were found on Golden Clinton, Marion and Blue Dyer, on the last of which 

 they were mostly abortive. In August I saw a few on Clinton in the Eastern States, 

 and they have been reported to me from Kelley's Island, 0.,and Hammondsport, N. 

 Y., and to Dr. Wm. LeBaron from Neponset, Ills.* 



(7) These tubercles may sometimes be traced, especially in the hibernating larva, 

 before the first molt, and are generally quite distinguishable after the first molt. In 

 some individuals, again, they are scarcely visible till after the second molt. 



(8) I do not mean to be understood, in making these distinctions, that these diflfer- 

 ences of form are so constant that they can always be relied on ; for the form of the 

 body varies so that the wingless mother insect may present the more perfect oval of that 



-destined to become winged. But, as a rule, these differences are observable, and small 

 and variable as thej-^ are, I know of no others by which the winged and wingless forms 

 can be distinguished in early life, though I have diligently sought for some distinction. 



(9) In August, near the surface of the ground, on the roots of 2-year old Clinton 

 vines having a few galls on the leaves, I have taken full-grown individuals with such 

 faint traces of these warts that, with a lens only, such lice could not be distinguished 

 from gallcecola. 



(10) Signoret, in speaking of Ph. quejxus, referred, in 1867, to the smaller individ- 

 uals as (^'s {A7m. de la Soc. Ent. de France 1807, p. 303) ; but in recenth' speaking of 

 these smaller individuals, supposed to be ,^'s by others and myself, he declares they are 

 nothing but females emptied of their eggs. Yet in referring to the specimen which, as 

 stated (liep. 5, p.71), Isenthim for examination at his request, he confesses thatneither he 

 nor Balbiani could decide the question ; but after soaking the specimen in water with 

 a small proportion of alcohol and potash, he ihougJd he could decide it to be a female, 

 also with the abdomen emptied of eggs ( j'ai cru pouvoir d(?cider que j'avais, sous les 

 j^eux unefemelle ne differant en rien de celles de France). Thoughts and suppositions 

 -ought not to give birth to positive declarations, and, whatever the nature of the speci- 

 men sent to M. Signoret, I have many reasons for believing that the abdomen had never 

 been emptied of eggs. 



I should attach little value to the shorter, more contracted form, were it not notice- 

 able in the pupa; or even to the peculiar anastomosing wing-venation, which vailes 

 somewhat, and may be exceptionally found more or less perfect in the females. But 

 the vesicles can scarcely be taken for immature eggs, because they are always more nu- 

 merous than the eggs in the abdomen of the winged female, (I have not found more 

 than five in these, and there are more often but two or three), and present different 

 vcharacteristics. 



*Prair\e Farmer, Sept. 13, 187;{. 



