OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 147 



color is quite variable, souietiiiies being entirely tlark-brown, but more often pale, with 

 the jaws, sutures, ground of ocelli, and tips of horns dark. It is furnished with a few 

 short hairs. In the third stage there is but little change ; joints 5-*J are proportionally 

 somevvhat more enlaiged, and the spines on the head proportionally increased in 

 length. The papilla become more prominent and numerous, and the transverse yel- 

 low line connecting the subdorsal lines across the anterior wrinkles, as well as the 

 snpra-stigmatal line, becomes less continuous. The fourth and fifth stages are similar: 

 the horns on the head are lengthened, but the forks and the spines shortened, while the 

 transverse stripes and the supra-stigmatal line are generally interrupted. The mature 

 larva may be thus described : 



Average length, 1.15 inches. Head as broad or broader than long, the cheeks 

 bulginsf, the horns half as long as head, slender, the bifurcations reduced and rounded, 

 the spines not prominent ; shallowly punctate and sparsely pubescent ; color either 

 green with f;iint touch of brown on jaws, at ocelli and tips of horns, or brown-black 

 with more or less pale color, and always four stripes in front, two short ones near 

 ocelli, and two others running by the side of epistoma and tapering up the horns. Body 

 bright pea-green, very small on joint 1, enlarging in middle, and tapering to extremity, 

 which ends in two horizontal, slightly diverging anal horns. Each joint with about 

 four annulets. A medio-dorsal series of yellow spots the width of first annulet ; a pale 

 white and yellow stripe, thickest at sutures, running each side of dorsum to tip of anal 

 horns ; a series of pale, oblique supra-stigmatal marks containing a lead-colored 

 impressed point ; and a straight sub-stigmatal line. Covered with numerous irregular 

 papillaj, largest on yellow parts. Ventrally more smooth, glaucous, and with soft col- 

 orless hairs. Legs pale, the pads of prolegs dusky. The supra-stigmatal oblique 

 dashes are sometimes connected to form a wavy line, and there are other minor varia- 

 tions of color and markings. 



Chrysalis— GrQnevaX surface faintly aciculate. Dorsum narrow-edged, in outline 

 strongly arched on abdominal joints 3-8 (6-11 of body exclusive of head) ; straight and 

 falling at an angle of about 130° from :?rd abdominal joint to metathorax, thence rising 

 at the same angle straight to middle of mesothorax, and falling agaui at an angle of 

 about 120° direct to head. From a dorsal view the outline broadens regularly from 

 anal extremity to wing-sheaths, is parallel thence to the region of the metathorax, then 

 bulges, and is broadest at the wing-shoulders, and gradually decreases again to the 

 ocellar tubercles. The inferior surface forms a straight line from the eyes to the tip ot 

 the legs, then makes a slight upward curve and ends in a button or cremaster, which 

 i-epresents the anal larval prolegs, and is on a plane with the longitudinal axis of the 

 body ; it is divided, anteriorly, produced into a trigonate blunt point behind, and fur- 

 nished along the flat inferior surface with soft ferruginous booklets, which issue from 

 it at right angles and form a long, narrow pad, united and most dense at posterior 

 extremity, but divided anteriorly. The ocellar tubercles are trigonate, the sides of the 

 abdomen slope skiflf-like, joints G, 7 and 8 admitting of very free-side motion by broad, 

 smooth sutures, which narrow dorsally to a point. The dorsal edge is slightly carinate, 

 especially on mesothorax, and more or less jagged, especially on abdominal joints 3-8, 

 which have their anterior edges produced into small teeth, like saw-teeth, white, with a 

 polished black spot each side. A raised line starts from anterior edge of abdominal 

 joint 3 and thickens to wing-shoulders ; another, from middle of mesothorax, extends 

 uround outer edges of ocellar tubercles, while another margins the hind wings. The 

 color is pale translucent green, with still paler and darker mottlings ; a series of pale 

 oblique lines and a longitudinal sub-stigmatal one on the abdomen. The dorsal carina 

 is yellow on the arched abdominal portion, except at anterior edges of joints already 



