148 SIXTH ANNUAL REPORT 



described ; elsewhere it is cream-colored. Tlie veins of wing-sheaths, joints of antennte, 

 and the raised lines, are all of the same pale color. Stigmata pale and barely noticeable. 



Apatura Herse. To avoid repetition it will be best to describe Herse by compar- 

 ison with Lycaon. 



Egg — On an average rather flatter on the top, with the sides more parallel. Pale 

 yellowish-white at tirst, with the marks that afterward appear around crown fewer, 

 and never as dark as in Lycaon. Attached to the underside of a leaf in batches of 

 300-500, generally three tiers deep. 



Larva — When newly hatched differs from Lycaon in the head being pale copal- 

 yellow and translucent ; the jaws are brown, and ocelli spots black ; the anal horns are 

 scarcely perceptible ; the pale hairs from piliferous spots are nearly as long as the 

 diameter of the bodj\ Before the tirst molt takes place the characteristics of second 

 stage begin to show. In the second stage it is easily distinguished from Lycaon by be- 

 ing longitudinally striped superiorly with 8 pale and 7 dark stripes, or, in other words, 

 instead of the subdorsal pale stripes connecting transversely on the anterior annulets, 

 there is a medlo-dorsal dark, continuous line, bordered each side with a pale one, and 

 the supra-stigmatal line is straight instead of wavy. The head has stouter lateral 

 spines and is more pilose. It is yellowish, and often with brown marks in front of 

 the horns and around the mouth. In the third stage the colors are yet more intense, 

 and the antlers lengthen, and, compared with Lycaon, the base of these antlers is 

 stouter, so as to give a straighter appearance to the sides of the head, which are more 

 stoutly spined and thickly pilose. In the succeeding changes these characters are little 

 altered, except that the head becomes greener, the papillsc more conspicuous, and the 

 medio-dorsal dark stripe proportionally narrower. The mature larva may be tlius de- 

 scribed : 



Length 1.25-1.50 inches. Head bluish glassy-green, longer than broad, the sides 

 almost parallel ; with dark ocelli-ground and, rarely, dark marks in front and at base of 

 antlers ; shallowly punctate and quite pilose ; the antlers stout, with lateral prongs as 

 stout as terminal. Color of body usually bright green, the dorsum paler or yellowish, 

 with a deep blue medial vascular line bordered each side by a paler yellow one. A 

 subdorsal, supra- and sub-stigmatal continuous straight line, each either white or cream- 

 color, and the two former either simple or bordered above with green and below with 

 blue-green ; the papilho quite prominent on the subdorsal and substigmatal lines. 



Chrysalis — Differs only in being larger, in showing on the abdomen traces of the 

 pale longitudinal larval lines, and in having the mesonotal ridge less angulai*. 



[The foregoing paper was published in the Transactions of the 

 St. Louis Academy of Science (Vol. Ill, p. 193-208), and I have repro- 

 duced it without essential change, except in the common names used, 

 which I have changed from "Lycaon Butterfly" to "Eyed Emperor," 

 and from "Herse Butterfly " to "Tawny Emperor."* Since the first 

 publication of the paper. Prof. Westwood, of Oxford, Eng., has been 

 kind enough to send me copies of Mr. Jones's drawings, from which 



* Popular names are just as desirable for our better-known insects, as for our more common plants 

 or larger animals They haA'e, indeed, one advantage overthc scientific names in tliat they do not fluctuate 

 Avith every change in "chissiiication. But to be of real value, the ]H>iinliir name once given to an insect 

 shoidd be as mucli respected liy sultsequent authors as the scicntilic iiaiuc llrst given. Jn no other way 

 can we attain any staliility or uniformity in such names, in writing of insects treated of by HaiTi.s 

 and Fitch, 1 liave used the common names" cm)ili)ye<l liy tliesc aiUlmrs, unless tlievc amis very good reason 

 for not doing so; and it is to ho. hoped tliat Amerlc^in and Canailian writers on popular entomology will, 

 by more care in this m-.itter, help to estjddish names (Uice used. I am glad to see that Mr. Scudder urge.s 

 the importance of these common names for our l)utterflies, in the tirst number of ' ' I'syche, ' ' a little 

 entomological periodical whidi has just made its appearance in Cambridge, Mass., edited bj'B, P. 



