OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST. 149 



the Fabrician descriptions were made, and after a critical examination 

 of them I have little doubt that Mr. Scudder is right in supposing 

 them to represent the two butterflies herewith treated of. 



Of Lycaon there can be no doubt whatever that it is celtis Boisd. 

 In size the figures exactly agree with one of my specimens, captured 

 by Mr. O. S. Westcott in Indiana (expanse 2.30 inches) ; i. e., they more 

 nearly resemble, in this respect, the Alicia form than the average 

 western form. The eighth inferior spot on the secondaries which Fa- 

 bricius describes, and which I supposed (ante p. 144) must refer to the 

 simple oval spot on the middle of the inner border, in reality refers to 

 an eighth ocellar spot. The seventh of these spots in the insect is 

 more or less double, in the sense of having a small, pupil-less spot 

 confluent with it below. In Mr. Jones's figure it is more decidedly 

 double, which will account for Fabricius's description. 



With regard to ITerse there is more room for doubt, for aside from 

 the discrepancies in the description, which I have already indicated, 

 as to the color of the spots on primaries, the fascia of six spots, in the 

 drawing, runs, with but a slight and uniform curve, across the middle 

 of the wing, instead of forming, as in nature, a sinuous line outside 

 the middle of the wing; then again, in the drawing, these spots are 

 oval instead of angular, and not relieved with black basally, as they 

 are in nature. The pupil of the second and third ocellar spots of sec- 

 ondaries, as described, are wanting in all my specimens of Ilerse. I 

 also note that while but four apical, or, more properly speaking, pos- 

 terior spots occur on the primaries, according to the description, the 

 figure correctly represents five, as in nature ; and again, seven ocellar 

 spots are described on the secondaries, whereas but six are repre- 

 sented in the drawing. But, allowing short-comings in the drawings, 

 and others in the description, there are so many characters that be- 

 long to no other butterfly, that I have myself no doubt of the correct- 

 ness of Mr. 8cudder's conclusions ; and Ilerse can not be the $ of 

 Lycaon^ as Mr. A. G. Butler has lately insisted, both by letter to me 

 and by statement before the London Entomological Society, because, 

 besides differing in color and other respects, it entirely lacks the large 

 and characteristic black ocellar spot on the primaries. Westwood 

 writes : " Not liking to judge of figures of Lepidoptera when not col- 

 ored, I do not feel able to speak on the question of Ajpatura Lycaon 

 and Herse ; I think, however, that you are right." 



JSIaiiii. AVliere an iusect is better known in tlic lai-va than in the iierfeet state, it often l)ecf>me- necessary 

 to christen the former. l?ut this does iKit i)rechi(U' a second name lor the hitler: and in either ca-^e thc^ 

 studv shouhl be to express, as far as iiossihle, in tlie .--hortest )nanner, some]ieciiliai'ity in theaiipearance 

 or h:il)it of the species. There can lie no sense in calling Ncmatus ventricosus the " ln)|)orted Goose- 

 berrv-worni," after it had been christened and mnch written of as the " Imported Ciirrant-worm;" or 

 in calling a Cocciuella the " Aphis-eating lady-bng," when the Aphis-eating habit belongs to the geuus, 

 •and the term ' ' lady-bird ' ' lias long been the familiar and connnon designation of the dilferent species. 

 In the case of our two Apatnras. timling that Mr. Scnilder contemiihites following the English use of the 

 term " Emperor," I have christened them accmdingly, omitting the food-}ilant for brevity'.s sake. 



