R2 WATER FOWL OF INDIA AND ASIA. 
scapulars, and narrow edges of tertials are black, the 
front edge of the wing is black and white, the pinion 
quills (primaries) are greyish-black ; the tail and the 
middle of the lower back are slaty grey, and the sides 
of the Jower back are pencilled with that colour on the 
white ground. The white lower plumage is sometimes 
washed with a beautiful salmon-colour, but this is not 
always present, and disappears in preserved skins. 
The female is clear slate-grey above, this colour 
gradually passing into the white of the breast and rest 
of the underparts; the primary quills are grey-black 
as in. the male, and the .quills oimthe ioneamn 
(secondaries) and their coverts white, with the exception 
of the inner ones or tertials, which are grey like the 
back. The head and neck are chestnut, with the crown 
greyish brown and the throat white. 
The male in undress, and the young, closely resemble 
the female ; but the young are duller, and the male has 
a dark ring round the neck, and in undress a darker 
back and whiter wings. The red of the bill and feet 
is less bright in the female than in the male, and the 
feet are orange in the young. The eyes are red in old 
males, brown in others. 
The male is about two feet long, with the wing about 
eleven inches, the beak about two-and-a-half, and the 
shank about two ; in the female, the wing is about an 
inch less. 
The Goosander inhabits the north temperate region 
in both hemispheres; in India it breeds, as above 
stated, in the higher Himalayas, migrating in winter 
to the base of the range, the hills south of Assam, 
and the country between the Ganges and Godavari ; 
it has also occurred at Myitkyina in Northern Burma, 
and is said to have been shot on the east side of Bombay 
harbour. It is found in pairs in summer in the Hima- 
layas, and in flocks in winter, frequenting rivers and 
lakes. Young have been taken in the hills in June 
