2 WATER FOWL OF INDIA AND ASIA. 
SUB-FAMILY III.—MERGANSERS (p. 29). 
Size that of tame Duck or smaller, bill toothed, tapering 
more than twice as broad at root as at tip. 
Beak lead-colour, under two inches— 
Smew (p. 35). 
Beak reddish, well over two inches, with about eighteen teeth 
between nail and nostril— 
Red-breasted Merganser (p. 33). 
Beak reddish, well over two inches, with about fifteen teeth 
between nail and nostril.— 
Goosander (p. 31). 
SUB-FAMILY IV.—TRuUE Ducks (p. 38). 
Size between tame Goose and Duck, generally smaller than 
tame Duck ; bill with lower chap shutting into upper ; sides gen- 
erally parallel or getting wider towards the end, and nostrils 
(with one exception) nearer root of bill than tip. 
SECTION A.—Diving Ducks, with outer toe as long as middle or 
longer, and hind toe with a deep lobe or flap giving it a leaf-ltke 
outline (p. 38). 
1. Bill with nostril nearer tip than root— 
Golden-eye (p. 42). 
2. Bill normal, wing only about six inches from knuckle to tip— 
Stiff-tail (p. 43). 
3. Bill normal, wings well over seven inches, usually with a 
white bar. 
Bill and feet more or less red or orange— 
Red-crested Pochard (p. 45). 
Wing with no white bar— 
Common or Red-headed Pochard (p. 48). 
Bill broadened at tip, greatest breadth equal to distance 
between nail and nostril ; no crest— 
Scaup (p. 50). 
Bill shaped as above, but a crest present— 
Tufted Pochard (p. 51). 
Bill not much broadened, crown chestnut or brown— 
White-eyed Pochard (p. 55). 
Bill not much broadened, crown dark green or blackish— 
Green-headed Pochard (p. 53). 
