DIPTERA (two-winged ELIES). 



77 



found (with the pupae) in brooks and streams, adhering to the sub- 

 merged stems of rushes and other water plants. 

 : The mode of hfe of the larvae of the true Midges (Chirono- 

 midm) is somewhat varied, those of the genus 

 Chironomius being aquatic or living in the soil 

 or in droppings (the well-known '' blood-worm," 

 so common in rain-water, is the larva of 

 Chironomus plumosus, L.) ; the larvae of the 

 cHiHONOMus PLUMOSUS. §f^"f Cevatoj^ogon, which includes a number of 

 blood-sucking Midges, are found under the bark 

 of trees, in decaying vegetable matter, or in water ; the larvae of 

 Clunio are marine, living in rock-pools and feeding on green sea- 

 weed {filadoj)hova). 



The exceedingly active larvae and pupae of 

 Gnats or Mosquitoes {Culicidce) are exclusively 

 aquatic, and are to be found in ponds, tanks, or 

 butts of rain-water, and also in open drains and 

 cess-pools : in the tropics, in casual accumula- 

 tions of water in old tins, bottles, calabashes, 

 etc. [CulicincB), or in stagnant or nearly 

 stagnant water in pools, at the side of slowly 

 flowing streams, or in permanent puddles 

 {Ano2)helin(e). 



ANOPHELES MACULIPENNIS. 



For special instructions for collecting mosquitoes, see. pp. 81-91. 



The grub-like larvae of Daddy-long-legs 

 [Tij)ulid(E and LimnohidcH) live for the 

 most part in rotten wood, in water, or in 

 the soil. The grubs known in England as 

 " Leather- jackets," so destructive to the 

 roots of turf and sometimes to cabbages, 

 are the larvae of Tipula paludosa, Mg,, 

 and T. oleracea, L. 



6 



LIMNOBIA NUBECULOSA. 



