98 BLOOD-SUCKING ARTHROPODA. 



pai-asitic on horses, donkeys, camels, cattle, or clogs. It is probable 

 that certain species have been introduced with horses into new 

 localities. At Pretoria Dr. Theiler has succeeded experimentally 

 in inoculating cattle with Tryjxtnosonia tkeileri by means of Hvppo- 

 hosca rufipes^ v. Olfers (fig. 11). Allobosca, comprising the single 

 species A. C7'assipes, Speiser, has only rudimentary wings, and is 

 pai-asitic upon lemurs in Madagascar. Ortholfersia, of which two 

 species have been described, is found on kangaroos and wallabies 

 in Australia, Tasmania, and New Ze;iland. The four or five known 

 species of Lipoptena are deer- and goat-parasites occurring in 

 Europe, North and Central America, Japan, Malacca, and Sinai, 

 Recently the European Lipoptena cervi, L., has been met with in 

 the Transvaal, and it is possible that it was accidentally introduced 

 with remounts during the Boer War. The single species of Melo- 

 phagus {M. ovimis, L.) is a parasite of sheep in Europe and North 

 America. 



Notes on Habits, etc. 

 Comparatively little is yet known as to the bionomics of Blood- 

 sucking Diptera in general, so that notes on the habits, distribution, I 

 seasonal occurrence, relative frequency, etc., of particular species 

 will always be of great value and interest. Clinical observations 

 as to the effect of the bites of the various species on man and 

 domestic animals are also required. 



FLEAS, BUGS, AND TICKS. 



Fleas, bugs, and ticks are wanted in addition to Blood-sucking 

 Diptera. Tliese creatures, however, must not be pinned, but should 

 be preserved and sent home in alcohol, by the same method as 

 that recommended for Diptera (see pages 71, 85). To contain the 

 specimens it is best to use small corked glass tubes, which should 

 be carefully packed in cotton wool in a strong wooden or metal * 

 box for transmission to England. A plug of soft paper should 

 be placed on the top of the specimens in each tube, to prevent 

 injury from shaking or washing about, and there should also be 

 inserted in the tube a slip of paper bearing the necessary data 

 written in pencil. Specimens of different species should of course 

 be put up in separate tubeg. 



