Review of the Genera ZL'hose Larynx has been already examined. 



anatomical notes on Pkytotoma. Since Phi/fotoma belongs to the Ampelidae, according 

 to the structure of the foot, it may be said beforehand with great probability, that the 

 larynx does not resemble that of Zox/a. F/ij/Moma is in all probability not a Singing 

 Bird. Of Ujmce/i/iia dumetoria Eyton says : the trachea with one pair of sterno-tracheal 

 muscles. From the upper ring of each bronchus, a process goes to the place where the 

 muscles arise. Only as far as this do the rings of the trachea reach, and beyond it 

 are two spaces, devoid of osseous matter, and bounded laterally by the processes above- 

 mentioned, inferiorly by the upper rings of the bronchi, and superiorly by the lower 

 ring of the trachea, which is slightly enlarged. As well as the fine vibrating anterior 

 and posterior half-rings, in this portion of the trachea there are the elastic bands, which 

 fasten these half-rings, and pass under the two true laryngeal muscles of either side ; 

 moreover, it is incorrect to say that the membranous portion of the trachea is connected 

 with the processes of the bronchi. In Furnarius cunicularius the trachea is as in 

 Opetiorhjnchm {Cindodes) vulgaris, and 0. {Cindodes) antardicus. In 0. [Ciiidodes] pata- 

 gonicns, the trachea does not differ from the usual simple form found in most other 

 birds, the mferior rings reaching as far as the bronchi, which arrangement is different from 

 that found in 0. vulgaris and 0. antardicus ; the trachea has one pair of muscles. In 

 Synallaxis maluroides the trachea is the same as in Furnarius and Vpucerfhia. In 

 Fteroptodius tarnll the trachea is provided with a pair of sterno-tracheal muscles, a 

 portion of which is prolonged to the upper bronchial rings. 



Since Sci/talopics, which is closely allied to Fteroptodius, has no tracheal larynx, 

 according to my observations, it may be fairly presumed that the information about 

 Fteroptodius also is not sufficient. Eyton has given us more exact information about 

 some birds from New Holland. 



The vocal organ of the Guacharo, Steatornis caripensis, has been described and figured 

 by myself 1. It is without the complex vocal muscles, and possesses a peculiarity, of 

 which till now no example has been known among Ijirds. At the lower end of the trachea 

 there is no lower larynx, the bronchi have the same structure as the trachea, that is 

 perfect rings, the left bronchus has sixteen, the right eleven, perfect rings reaching as far as 

 the organ of voice, which is a bronchial larynx, and is thus double. The ring that 

 follows on these bronchial rings is thicker, and not perfect, after which there is a 

 thicker half-ring with the under edge concave, on which the vocal muscle works. The 

 outer wall between it and the next half-ring, which has its upper edge convex, is 



' Bericht der Akad. d. Wissenschaft z. Berlin 1S41, p. 172 ; Miill. Archiv, 1842, p. i. 



