Account of Observed Forms of Larytix. 



In Pipra manacns L. also, tlie lateral muscles of the tracliea turn completely forwards, 

 and pass directly into the laryngeal muscles of their sides ; which, undivided and not 

 narrowed, are inserted into the third, very strong, bronchial ring. 



In P. auncapilJa Licht. (Doubl. Verz. 302) which is closely allied to P. erythrocepliala.^ 

 the lower portion of the lateral muscles of the trachea, cover, moreover, its whole 

 anterior wall ; the laryngeal muscles, however, are not direct prolongations of these, but are 

 considerable muscles, which arise, where these end, at the lower end of the trachea. 

 They cover, as a single pretty considerable muscle, the anterior portion of the bronchus 

 of their side, as far as the third bronchial ring ; the hinder portion of the bronchus 

 they leave free. The fibres have all the same course. The first two of the bronchial 

 ring are perfect rings ; the third is a broad osseous plate, on which the vocal muscles 

 are fastened ; the following half-rings are thin, the first sigmiform. 



In Jodopleura plpra Lesson, the lateral muscles retain their lateral position. The 

 larjmgeal muscle moves the second bronchial ring. All the bronchial rings are only 

 half-rings, and of very much the same form. 



Cali/ptura cristata Sw. resembles, in its larynx, more the true Atnpelinae than the 

 rest of the Pipriuae ; it possesses only an extremely fine prolongation of the lateral 

 muscle of the trachea to the bronchus, to the second ring of which it is attached. The 

 bronchi possess no whole rings, and only the third is very moveable. 



In the memhrana ti/mpaniformis of the Piprinae, there are no small cartilages, as 

 there are in so many other birds. 



The Pijmnae were thrown by Swainson and Gray with Pardalotus and Prionochilus 

 into one family of Piprinae ; but these Australian and Indian genera are Singing Birds. 

 I have examined Prionoclnliis Strickl. 



(iii.) Organ of Voice of the Ampelinae and Eurylaiminae. 



After removing Pomhi/cilla, there belong to the Ampelinae the South American 

 genera with the very simplest form of larynx, namely, Cephalopterus Geofii-., Gymno- 

 ceplialus GeofFr., Rupicola Briss., Pliihalura Vieill., Cotinga Briss., Psaris Cuv., PachyrTiamphis 

 Gray, and some" others, which I have not examined. Most of them live only on plants 

 (berries) ; some, on mixed food, as Gymnocephalus, in whose stomach I have found berries 

 and insects; Psaris and Pachjrhamplius on insects. All have the hinder surface of the tarsus 

 covered -ndth small scales. They have been thrown here and there by systematists, and 

 disposed of in different j^laces. Cuvier put Psaris with the Shrikes, Swainson and Gray 



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