46 Genei'al Remarks on ike Classification of the Passerines. 



sometimes find three forms of larynx in analogous birds. Those which Cuvier put under 

 Lanius are an example of this : 



Lanius, Singing Bird. 



TJiamnopJdlus, Tracheophone Bird. 



Psaris, Picarian larynx. 

 Or in Swainson's family Lanidae : 



Lanius, Singing Bird. 



TliamnopliUus, Tracheophone Bird. 



Tyrannus, Picarian larynx. 

 A similar triad is formed by the three genera which Cuvier collected under 

 Muscicajia, Swainson in his Muscicajnnae, and Gray in his Mnscicapidae : 



Muscicajm, Singing Bird. 



Conopopliaga, Tracheophone Bird. 



Tyrannus, Picarian larynx. 

 So too the genera placed by Cuvier among the Tenidrostres : 



CertJda, Sitta, Nectar'mia, Singing Birds. 



Furnarius, Xenops, Anabates, Synallaxis, Bendrocolaptes, Tracheophone Birds. 



Trocliilus, Ujiupa, Picarian larynx. 

 Among the Turdidae, sub-family Formicarinae Gray, we again find the three forms 

 of larynx, if it be supposed that Dasycepliala agrees with the Ampelidae and Tyrannidae, 

 in the structure of its larynx. 



Cmclus, Singing Bird. 



MyiotJiera, Tinactor, CJuimaeza, Tracheophone. 



Dasyce2}tiala. 

 We can again find the triad among the Troglodyt'mae of Gray, who is willing to 

 separate Menura, which has two laryngeal muscles on either side, from the Singing Birds : 



Troglodytes, TJirioturus, Singing Birds. 



Scytalopiis, Tracheophone. 



Memira. 

 These comparisons are sufficient to show, at a glance, how unnatural and untenable 

 are such combinations, since these birds are, by this means^ completely removed from 

 their natural allies, and are united by characters which are very unessential, such as 

 the form of the beak, which passes by imperceptible gradations from Lmuns, through 

 Icterus, Tanagra, FringUla, Corviis, Stnrnws, Turdus, Sylvia, and Cert/iia, to the extreme 

 forms. Those birds that have the hinder side of the foot covered with granules, which 



