48 



General Remarks on the Classification of the Passerities. 



II. Picarii. 



Myiotheridae. 

 Scyialopidae. 



Aiiabatidae 



/ 



Auahatinae. 



Ampelidae « 



1 Bendrocolaptinae. 



Ampelinae. 



Piprinae. 



Psarinae. 



Eurylaiminae. 



Tyranmnae. 

 Tyrannidae \ Fluvicolinae. 



Todinae. 

 TrocJiilidae. 



Fissirostres 



Ct/pselinae. 

 Capnnmlcjinac. 



Colidae. 



Prionitidae. 



Meropidae. 



Lipoglossi. 



Coraciadae. 



Opisihocomidae '. 



MusojjJiafjidae. 



Galbididae. 



Picidae. 



Cuculinidae. 



Bucconidae. 



Trogonidae. 



Rhamphadidae. 



Psittacidae. 



I consider, however, the separation into Oscine.i and Picarii, as orders of birds of 

 equal value with the other orders, and in the sense of Nitzsch^ as untenable. It has 

 already been shewn that external characters do not always allow us to speak with 

 safety .on?.:^ternal structure, for there are many striking exceptions in the matter of 

 the covering of the foot. Just as slight are the constant internal characters, which are 

 found in company with various forms of larynx. The caeca are present in all Singing 

 Birds that have the muscular organ of voice '^ Passerines which have not the caeca are 

 only found among those in which the muscular organ of voice is wanting, as Cypselus, 

 Alcedo, Bueeros, Picns, Yunx, PJiamphaslos, PsiUacus, Chizaeris, Corythaix, Upupa, and 

 TrocJdlus. But the caeca are present in most of the Passerines which have not the muscular 

 organ of voice, as, for example, CJiasmarliyncJius, Ampjelis, Bvpicola, Psaris, Gymnoceplialus, 

 nearly all the Ampelidae which I have examined, the Tyrannidae (also Todirostntm^), 



1 It is certain that Opisthocomus does not belong to the Penehpidae, from the fact that the [jcnis discovered 

 by Von Tschudi, which is formed in the Penehpidae {Penelope, Crax) on the type of that found in the three- 

 toed Ratitae and in the Diiclss, is completely wanting. The Penelopidae, but not Crypturus and Hemipodius, 

 agree with the three-toed Ratitae. 



- If Duvernoy (Ciivier, Lee. d'Anat, comp. 2nd ed.) did not find them in Lanius, Gracula,nud Paradisea, 

 it was, without doubt, through some mistake. Garnot mentions them in Paradisea apoda. 



^ According to Duvernoy they are wanting in Todus. 



