56 Description of the Figures. 



Fig. 4. Larynx of T. cris/ai/is Pr. M., without the muscles. /! The lateral cord, 

 which in this species is of cartilaginous consistency. 



Fig. 5. Larynx oi Myioiliera margaritacea Mus. Berol. {Turdus tintinnahulatus L. Gm.) 

 The same letters. 



Fig. 6. Larynx of Fitrnariun rufns, x 8. From behind. 



Fig. 7. From in front. 



a. Membranous portion of the trachea, i. Its five rings. /. Bands which hold 

 them together. c. Vocal ossicles placed on the first bronchial ring c'. d. MkscuIus 

 sternotrachealh. b. Lateral muscles of the trachea, e. Anterior and posterior laryngeal 

 muscle. 0. Cartilage in front of, and behind the trachea. 



Fig. 8. Side view of the larynx of Farnar'uis leucopus Sw. Letters as before. 



Fig. 9. The same with its muscles. 



d. Musculus Hernofrachealis. e, e. The two laryngeal muscles (the lateral muscle 

 of the trachea is left out in this figure). 



Fig. 10. Vocal ossicles and first bronchial ring, with the laryngeal muscles of the 

 vocal ossicles of Cinclodes. 



Fig. 11. The fine half-rings of the membranous portion of the trachea, in connection 

 with its lateral band. 



PLATE III. TYEANNUS, ELAENIA, PLATTRHYNCHUS, ALCEJDO. 



Fig. 1-5. Larynx of Ti/rannnit sulpJmratia, x4. Fig. 1, from in front. Fig. 2, 3, 

 from the side. Fig. 4, from behind. Fig. 5, from below. 



a. Lateral muscle of the trachea. b. Musculns sternotrachealiis. c. Laryngeal 

 muscle. I. First bronchial ring. x. Cartilago arylaenoidea of the tympanic membrane. 



Fig. 6-8. Larynx of Tyrannus fero.v C. Fig. 6, from in front. Fig. 7, from the 

 side. Fig. 8, from below. Letters as before. 



(/. Complete ring at the commencement of the bronchus. 



Fig. 9, 10. Larynx of Alcedo cahanis'ii Tsch., seen from in front, and from the side. 

 (The lateral muscle of the trachea is left out in the figure.) 



Fig. 11-13. Larynx oi Elaenia pagana Sund. Fig. 11, from in front. Fig. 12, from 

 the side. Fig. 13, from below, x 5. Letters as in Fig. 1. 



Fig. 14, 15. Larynx oS. Tlatyrhjnchws spec, peruana. Fig. 14, from in front. Fig. 15, 

 from the side. Letters as in Fig. 1, x 6. 



Fig. 16-18. \jKx^u%.oiElaeuiahrcvirostns'Ys(i\i.,y.^. Fig. 16, from in front. Fig. 17, 

 from the side. Fig. 18, from behind. 



PLATE IV. COLOPTERUS, PIPE A. 



Fig. 1-3. Larynx of Coloptcrm cristatiis Cab. : magnified. Fig. 1, from in front. 

 Fijr. 2, from behind. Fig. 3, from the side. 



