Appendix. 65 



la other words there arc not two tendons, one only being found, simple and broad, apparently 

 produced by the blending of the two. 



All other Passerine birds which I have examined follow tlie single type, differing only in 

 the angular divergence of the tendons, their humeral attachments being much separated in most 

 Sturnidae, Gymnorhinae, and Tyrannidae for example, but closely approximated in Tropidorhynchus, 

 Rupicola, and others. 



A short review of the peculiarities of the insertion of the tensor patagii hrevis muscle in 

 other birds will tend to render the importance of the character more clear, and may add some 

 facts of interest in an ornithological point of vieW, for it is not in the least difficult for any 

 one who has compared these structures in the various orders of the class to decide by an inspection 

 of the outer surface of the elbow to which division any specimen belongs ; and for the satisfaction 

 of those naturalists who consider it essential that characters of importance should be verifiable 

 on all occasions, it may be mentioned that from almost any skin it is possible to decide the point 

 by soaking it, or the wing alone, in cold water, and carefully removing the tegument thus relaxed. 

 On the present occasion the arrangement in the Anomalogonatae will also be almost solely 

 discussed, although among the Homalogonatae characters of nearly equal significance are at- 

 tainable, somewhat diminished in clearness in some cases by the diffused state of the tendons. 



In the Galbulidae, as represented by Galhula albirostris and Urogalha paradisea, the tendon 

 of the short tensor is simple, or it splits slightly before it meets the metacarpal extensor (where 

 the distal moiety there terminates). Its main continuation sends back to the outer side of the 

 lower end of the humerus a free fasciculus exactly like that above described in the Passeres, 

 except that from about the middle of its lower margin a thin slip runs downwards and wrist- 

 wards to the fascia of the ulnar side of the outer surface of the forearm. 



In the INIeropidae, as represented by Merops apiaster and M. ornatus, the only difference 

 from the Galbulidae is that the distal branch is more clearly differentiated, and the slip to the 

 ulnar side of the forearm is nearer the angular bend. 



In the Coraciidae, as represented by Coracias garnda and a species of Eurystomus which 

 was not in sufficiently good condition to be more definitely determined, there are two tendons 

 parallel to one another, the anterior one of which runs to the superficial ulnar fascia before 

 terminating, and sends wristwards a slip, like that in the Meropidae, to the long extensor. 

 There is a passeriform free tendon running back to the lower end of the humerus from the 

 outer tendon. 



In the Trogonidae, as exemplified by Trogon mexicana, T. ]meUa, and Pharoniacrus mocinno, 

 the condition is very comjjlicated. A superficial long muscular mass runs nearly to the long 

 extensor of the forearm. It has a short broad tendinous insertion into the fascia of the outer 

 surface of the forearm ; and this is specially developed in a line running back to the humerus 

 in a passeriform manner. Deep of this are two parallel tendons : the one nearer the humerus 

 terminates exactly like the single one of the Passeres ; that further off ends as in the Fici above 

 described. 



In the Caprimulgidae, as found in Caprimulgus europaeus and Chordeiles texensis, the arrange- 

 ment is almost exactly the same as in the Meropidae. The second outer tendon, however, is 

 shorter. 



