Appendix. 



46. Gairdner's Woodpecker; Dryobates pubescem 

 gairdnerii (Aud.). 



Very similar to the preceding in color and mark- 

 ings, but size much smaller. Length six to 

 seven inches. Common in the foothills of cen- 

 tral and northern Cahfornia, frequenting espe- 

 cially the oaks. In winter, south through the 

 valleys. 



47. Nuttall's Woodpecker; Dryobates nuttallii 

 (Gamb.). 



Size about of the preceding or a trifle larger. 

 Black and white markings of back transverse 

 instead of longitudinal, hence this species is 

 spoken of as belonging to the ladder-backed 

 group. Tail barred black and white. Resident 

 of the valleys and foothills; rare in the pine 

 forests of the higher mountains. 



48. White-headed Woodpecker; Xenopicus albo- 

 larvatus (Cass.). 



An easily recognized species. Body black, head 

 all around white; male with a scarlet band on 

 back of head. A common form in the Sierra 

 Nevada Mountains. 



49. Arctic Three-toed Woodpecker ; Picoides 

 arcticus (Swains.). 



Back black; under parts white, the sides barred 

 with black. A white stripe below the eye, and 

 outer feathers of the tail white. Male with a 

 yellow crown patch. One of the rarer species 

 breeding in the northern Sierra Nevada Moun- 

 tains. 



2QO 



