Appendix. 



much stouter than that of the Arizona hooded 

 oriole, and throat-patch much restricted in 

 comparison. Fore part o^ back, top ot head, 

 and a narrow throat-patch, black. A large 

 white wing-patch ; tail black and yellow. Rest 

 of body varying from yellow to intense orange 

 red, this color extending up the sides of the 

 head. Young males olive-brownish on back 

 and olive-yellowish on breast, with a small 

 throat-patch of black. Females grayish brown 

 above and pale gray below, with but a trace of 

 yellow. An abundant summer resident both in 

 the valleys and mountains. 



102. Brewer's Blackbird ; Scolecophagus cyanoce- 

 phalus (Wagl.). 



Length nine inches. Glossy black, with bluish 

 and greenish iridescence. Female duller, 

 brownish black. The only pure blackbird of 

 California and everywhere abundant and gre- 

 garious. 



THE FINCH AND SPARROW FAMILY. 



Small or medium-sized seed-eaters, with stout con- 

 ical bills and strong feet. 



This is the largest group of North American 

 birds and has many representatives in California. 

 They are usually dull-colored birds although 

 there are some notable exceptions to this rule. 

 With the English sparrow in mind as a type of 

 the family, there should be no difficulty in 

 distinguishing most of the members of the 

 group. 



