612 CLANGULA GLAUCION. 
preferred to one that had neighbours, and the absence of branches from the 
lower part is, as Mr Wolley remarked, considered essential; but for my part 
I think that one reason for that and for the choice of the open situation is that 
thereby the nest-box might more readily attract a tenant and diminish the 
chance of that tenant being an Owl. 
Such a nest-box is called in Swedish Ad/k (plural hélkar) and generally 
throughout Finland wz; but near Muonioniska it commonly had another name, 
which, in the early part of his stay in the north, Mr. Wolley was accustomed 
to write tyllyr, but in the. fragment given above he uses tulle, while latterly 
he spelt it ¢yl/a—the form generally adopted in this work. The spelling and 
derivation of this word, which, so far as I know, is not included in any Finnish 
dictionary or admitted by any writer on Finnish ornithology, caused me much 
perplexity, for the term is so local in usage that some of my Scandinavian 
friends to whom I applied were inclined to doubt its existence. But at last, 
thanks to Professor Linnberg, of the Royal Academy of Sciences of Stockholm, 
who has most kindly interested himself in and taken great trouble about the 
matter, all doubt may be said to be removed, and the word may be regarded 
as an adaptation of the regular, though not common, Finnish ty//y, which means 
a roll of birch-bark used as the float of a fishing-net—a fact indicating that 
the first artificial nest-box occupied by the Goldeneye was a bark float,” 
perhaps casually hung upon a tree, or at least that the first nest-boxes 
designedly made were rolls of bark. The tyllas are usually marked by those 
who set them up; but even then a dispute as to ownership sometimes arises 
(§ 5838). It may be convenient to add here that Kyzpa is the ordinary 
Swedish, and Sotka the Finnish name of -the bird. ] 
§ 5827. One.—Badstutrask, Umea 
LE | From Mr. Lawrence 
Heyworth, 1850. 
§ 5828. One.—Arjeploug, Pitea | 
Lappmark (?). 4 
“ Knipa” in pencil in Mr. Heyworth’s writing on both eggs, and 
on one also “ B..s.,” which stands for Badstutrask, a place in Umea 
Lappmark. The other egg he thinks is from the neighbourhood of 
Arjeploug in Pitea Lappmark. Knipa or Knip-and is the Lapps’ 
[ potis Swedish] name for the Goldeneye, and Mr. Heyworth at once 
recognized the female in Gould’s plate. It was the most abundant 
egg in the houses of the Lapps, and before I saw the eggs he told 
me of the birds breeding im boxes put up for the purpose by the 
natives, as mentioned by Mr. Hewitson and others. It appears from 
Mr. Gould that the Anas barrovi is unknown in Europe east of 
Iceland, so we need have no hesitation in referring these eggs with 
great confidence to the common Goldeneye, and they are therefore 
