APPENDIX: NO. L. 7 
few small districts, of which one was about Karasjoki. Yet a Lapp 
in whom he had much confidence told him that he had seen a female 
with her young on a mountain not many miles north-east of 
Muonioniska—Ounas-tunturi. 
“In the beginning of May he himself was on the Norwegian coast 
about Troms6 and Alten, and there found the ground covered with 
remains of Lemmings, which had been there two summers before, 
namely in 1852, and had again vanished, Of this he was positively 
assured. 
“Tn East Finmark last summer, 1855, he was assured that all the 
Lemmings had disappeared for a long while ; but he himself and his 
friends tad found on a little island in the Varanger Fjord, called 
Sandskjer, hardly fifty yards in diameter, a colony a Lemmings of 
various ages, which had unquestionably bred there and produced s some 
twenty individuals. This was towards the end of June [$ 3271]. 
“ But in 1853 the Mountain- Lemming [Lemmus norvegicus] was 
not the only species found in abundance. ‘here were at least four, 
or possibly five, others 
<The first of these was the common Water-Rat, Lemmus 
amphibius (Linn.), of which he saw both the brown and the less 
common black variety. They came to the potatoe-fields on the 
uplands, and he dislodged one example with a fine white spot on 
the breast ; but this was : certainly only a variety. 
«There were probably two kinds of Lemming, which he took to be 
the Lemmus medivs of Nilsson and the L. agr estis of Linnzeus, over- 
running the country early in the summer long before the Mountain- 
Lemming had come to the same district, and they had their runs in 
the woods, meadows, and cornfields. They held their ground when 
their territory was overrun. by their kindred from the mountains ; 
and, when the barley was cut in autumn, ears of corn which these 
provident animals had buried in the earth were found in great 
numbers, so that in a single field several hand-baskets full were 
collected. 
“Then there were two species of small reddish-brown Lemmus, but 
in much fewer numbers than the above-named. One had a short, 
thick, and hairy tail, the other a longer tail with a black tip. But 
he did not recollect them sufficiently to give a more precise descrip- 
tion of them. One of them had the habit of climbing trees, of which 
he was himself an eye-witness, and Squirrel- shooters assured him 
that they had often seen them on the branches at the height of 
several fathoms from the ground. Most likely this was the 
L. rutilus of Pallas, and ZL. glareolus of Schreber, from what he 
could learn from Professor Nilsson’s description and the examples 
which by Professor Sundevall’s kindness he had seen at Stockholm. 
“All these species of Lemmus had nearly disappeared in the spring 
of 1854, though many of them were troublesome in the store-cellars 
and store-houses for the most part of the winter. Their dead bodies 
were found in great numbers in the hayricks, to all appearance 
