REPORT OF THE STATE ENTOMOLOGIST 1901 725 



trap strip round the sides of a tield to be sown witli wheat 

 and fortunately this is not necessary because, from what we 

 know of the habits of the flies, it is very likely that they would 

 be attracted to a patch of wheat sown some little distance, a 

 half mile or more from the field which it was proposed to put 

 into wheat. It would be better undoubtedly to have a trap 

 strip beside the field, but if that is impossible, much may 

 be gained by sowing a small patch of wheat at some little dis- 

 tance and turning it under as i)roposed above. 



Burning stuhhie and chaff. This has been recommended by a 

 number of writers but in western New York at least the com- 

 mon practice of sowing to grass with wheat, prohibits the burn- 

 ing of the stubble. This objection would not hold in regard 

 to burning the chaff from the threshing machines and this might 

 well be done in case the wheat is at all infested by the Hessians 

 fly. 



Plou-'mg under stahhlc. This is also impractical in cases where 

 grass follows wheat but in other instances it would certainly 

 do no harm if the stubble is at all infested, and it is advised 

 where no additional labor or expense be entailed. 



Rotation of crops. The judicious rotation of crops will un- 

 doubtedly do considerable toward reducing the ravages of this 

 insect, particularly if care is taken to have the wheat fields of 

 successive years at some distance from each other. 



Destruction of volunteer icheat. The Hessian fly breeds in volun- 

 teer wheat, and wherever possible without incurring undue 

 labor and expense such wheat sliould be destroyed or jilowed 

 under before it can produce the adult flies. 



BIBLIOGRAPHY 



The following citations include most of the more important early notices- 

 of this insect and nearly all of those relating to the recent injuries by it in 

 New York. 



1792 Havens, J. N. Observations on the Hessian fly. Soc. in N. Y. 

 for promoting agric, arts and mfgi-'s. Trans, pt. 1, p. S9-107 (observations. 

 on origin, ravages, life history and remedies). 



1817 Say, Thomas. Original description and notes on life liistory. 

 Acad. nat. sci. Jour. 1:45-48; satne republished in Le Conte. i^ay's Complete- 

 writings. 1883. 2:4-6. 



