2 MAMMALIA OF INDIA. 
remarks here and there, based on personal experience during a long 
period of jungle life, and on observation of the habits of animals in 
their wild state, and also in captivity, having made a large collection of 
living specimens from time to time. 
As regards classification, Cuvier’s system is the most popular, so I 
shall adopt it to a certain extent, keeping it as a basis, but engrafting on 
it such modifications as have met with the approval of modern naturalists. 
For comparison I give below a synopsis of Cuvier’s arrangement. I 
have placed Cetacea after Carnivora, and Edentata at the end. In 
this I have followed recent authors as well as Jerdon, whose running 
numbers I have preserved as far as possible for purposes of reference. 
Cuvier divides the Mammals into nine orders, as follows. (Zhe 
examples I give are Indian ones, except where stated otherwise) :— 
Order .—Bimana. - Man. 
Order /I,—QuapDRuUMANA. Two families—ist, Apes and Monkeys ; 
2nd, Lemurs. 
Order 177.—Carnaria. Three families—tst, Cheiroptera, Bats ; 2nd, 
Inseetivora, Hedgehogs, Shrews, Moles, Tupaiz, &c. ; 3rd, Carnivora: ~ 
Tribe 1, Plantigrades, Bears, Ailurus, Badger, Arctonyx ; 2, Digitigrades, 
Martens, Weasels, Otters, Cats, Hyzenas, Civets, Musangs, Mongoose, 
Dogs, Wolves and Foxes. 
Order 1V.—Marsuriata. Implacental Mammals peculiar to 
America and Australia, such as Opossums, Dasyures, Wombats, and 
Kangaroos. We have none in India. 
Order V.—RopeEnTIA. Squirrels, Marmots, Jerboas, Mole-Rats, 
Rats, Mice, Voles, Porcupines, and Hares. 
Order V7.—¥DENTATA, or toothless Mammals, either partially or 
totally without teeth. Three families—rst, Zardigrades, the Sloths, 
peculiar to America ; 2nd, Effodientia, or Burrowers, of which the Indian 
type is the Manis, but which includes in other parts of the world the 
Armadillos and Anteaters; 3rd, JZonotremata, Spimmy Anteaters or 
Echidnas, and the Ornithorynchus. 
Order VI7.—PACHYDERMATA, or thick-skinned Mammals. Three 
families—1st, Proboscidians, Elephants; 2nd, Ordinary Pachyderms, 
Rhinoceroses, Hogs; 3rd, So/idungula, Horses. 
Order VIZZ—RUMINANTIA, or cud-chewing Mammals. Four families 
—uist, Hornless Ruminants, Camels, Musks; 2nd, Cervide, true horns 
shed periodically, Deer; 3rd, Persistent horns, Giraffes; 4th, Ho/low- 
horned Ruminants, Antelopes, Goats, Sheep and Oxen. 
Order IX.—CeEtTacEA. Three families—1st, Herbivorous Cetacea, 
Manatees, Dugongs ; 2nd, Ordinary Cetacea, Porpoises ; 3rd, Balenide, 
Whales. 
