126 MAMMALIA OF INDIA. 
In the upper jaw the incisors are, as usual, in three pairs. They are 
remarkable for their oblique direction ; the centre qnes are small and a 
little widened at the base; the second pair are stronger and dilated 
towards the cutting edge; the external incisors are also strong and 
excavated outside to admit the canines of the lower jaw. The canines 
are stout, but short, with a well-marked blunt ridge down the posterior 
side, as in the Malayan bears. 
The molars are six in number on each side, of which four are pre- 
molars, and two true molars. The first premolar, situated behind, a 
little within the line of the canine, is very small, tuberculiform, and a 
little compressed laterally. The second is strong and essentially 
carnassial ; it is compressed laterally and obliquely placed. It is 
furnished with three lobes: the first lobe is short, thick, and obtuse ; 
the second is raised, triangular and with cutting edges ; the third of the 
size of the first, but more compressed—ain short, a double-fanged tooth. 
This molar differs considerably from the corresponding tooth of the 
bear by its form and relative development, since in that family it is 
one-fanged, very low and obtuse. On the contrary, it approaches to that 
of the hyenas and felines. With the panda (Azlurus fulgens) the 
corresponding premolar is equally large, double-fanged and trenchant, 
but the division in lobes is not so marked. 
The third or penultimate molar of the Az/wropus is larger and thicker 
than the preceding, divided in five distinct lobes—three outer ones in a 
line, and two less projecting ones within. 
The last premolar is remarkably large ; it is much larger behind than 
in front, and its crown is divided into six lobes, of which five are very 
strong; the three external ones are much developed and trenchant, the 
centre one being the highest and of a triangular shape. Of the internal 
lobes, the first one is almost as large as the external ones; the second 
is very small, almost hidden in the groove between the last mentioned ; 
and the third, which is very large, rounded and placed obliquely inwards 
in front, and outwards behind. Professor Milne-Edwards remarks that 
he knows not amongst the carnivora a similar example of a tooth so 
disposed. That of Az/urus shows the least difference, that is to say 
it is nearest in structure, having also six lobes, but more thick-set or 
depressed. 
The true molars are remarkable for their enormous development: the 
first is almost square, with blunt rounded cusps, four-fanged, and 
presenting a strange mixture of characteristics, in its outward portion 
resembling an essentially carnivorous type, and its internal portion that 
of molars intended to triturate vegetable substances. Amongst bears, 
and especially the Malayan bears, this character is presented, but in a 
less striking degree ; the panda resembles it more, with certain restric- 
tions, but the most striking analogy is with the genus Hyenarctos. 
‘wen Ge 
