236 MamMaLiaA OF INDIA. 
to the nose; the brows are considerably elevated by the large size of 
the frontal sinuses ; the ears are large and gradually tapered to a point 
from their broad bases, and they have the ordinary fissure towards their 
posteal base ; the head is broad; the teeth large and strong; the body 
long and lank, the limbs elevated and very powerful ; the brush extends 
to half-way between the mid-flexure (os cadcis) of the hind limbs and 
their pads, and is as full as that of a fox. 
The fur or pelage is remarkable for its extreme woolliness, the hairy 
piles being few and sparely scattered amongst the woolliness, which is 
most abundant ; the head as far as the ears, the ears, and the limbs are 
clad in close ordinary hair; the belly is thinly covered with longer 
hairs ; but all the rest of the animal is clothed in a thick sheep-like coat, 
which is most abundant on the neck above and below. Gray (‘P. Z. S.,’ 
1863, p. 94) says: ‘‘ The skull is very much like, and has the same 
teeth as the European wolf (C. Zvpus),” but in this I think he is mis- 
taken, as the upper carnassial in C. Zpus is much larger than in any of 
the Asiatic wolves, and in this particular C. /aniger is affined to C. 
pallipes. ‘There isa black variety of the chanko, as there is of the 
European wolf, and by some he is considered a distinct species, but is 
really a melanoid variety, though Kinloch writes: ‘‘ The black chanko 
is rather larger than the grey one; he is of a beautiful glossy black, with 
a small white star on the chest and a few grey hairs about the muzzle.” 
He was fortunate enough to secure two cubs of this variety. ‘‘ They 
fed ravenously on raw meat, and before long became pretty tame.” 
After accompanying him for two months he left them at the hill station 
of Kussowlie, fearing that the heat at Meerut might prove too great for 
them ; at the end of 2} months they were sent down. “By this time 
they had immensely increased in size, but, although they had not seen 
me for so long, they recognised me, and also my greyhound, of which 
they had previously been very fond. ‘They soon became much attached 
to me, and would fawn on me like dogs, licking my face and hands; 
they were always, however, ready to growl and snap at a stranger. I 
took them to Agra at the time of the great Durbar there, and used to 
let them loose in camp with my dogs, so tame had they become.” 
He eventually presented them to the Zoological Gardens in Regent’s 
Park, and their portraits appeared in the J/@/ustrated London News of 
November 21st, 1868. Whether the skins purchased at Kashgar by 
the Yarkand Mission were of C. /aniger or lupus is doubtful, as no skulls 
were procured. In some particulars they seem to agree with the 
chanko in being rather larger (i.e., larger than Aad/ifes) ; the hair long, 
and the under fur ash-grey and zvoo//y, but the black line down the fore- 
legs is like C. Zupus. It is not stated whether the tail was dark-tipped 
or not, the absence of this dark tip, common to most other wolves, is 
a point noticed by Hodgson in speaking of C. Zaniger. Mr. Blanford 
