ELEPHAS. 389 
pouch, to be withdrawn as required. Sir Emerson Tennent figures, cn 
the authority of Dr. Harrison, a portion of the trachea and cesophagus, 
connected by a muscle which he supposes “‘ might raise the cardiac 
orifice of the stomach, and so aid this organ to regurgitate a portion of 
its contents into the cesophagus,” but neither Dr. Watson nor Messrs. 
Miall and Greenwood have found any trace of this muscle. 
Before proceeding to a detailed account of the Indian elephant, I 
will cursorily sketch the difference between it and its African brother. 
The African elephant is of larger size as a rule, with enormously 
developed ears, which quite overlap his withers. The forehead recedes, 
and the trunk is more coarsely ringed ; the tusks are larger, some almost 
reaching the size of those mentioned above in the fossil head at the 
museum. An old friend of mine, well known to all the civilised—and a 
great portion of the uncivilised—world, Sir Samuel Baker, had, and may 
still have, in his possession a tusk measuring ten feet nine inches. This 
of course includes the portion within the socket, whereas my measure- 
ment of the fossil is from the socket to tip. 
The lamination of the molar teeth also is very distinct in the two 
species, as I have before stated—the African being in acute lozenges, 
the Indian in wavy undulations. 
Another point of divergence is, that the African elephant has only 
three nails on the hind feet, whereas the Asiatic has four. 
No. 425. ELEPHAS INDICUS. 
The Indian or Asiatic Elephant (Jerdon's No. 211). 
NativE Names.—fasti or Gaja, Sanscrit; Gay, Bengali; avi, 
Hindi; Axi in Southern India, 1e.-in Tamil, Telegu, Canarese, and 
Malaban ; Fee, Persian ; Adda, Singhalese ; Gadjah, Malayan; Shah, 
Burmese. 
Hasirat.—India, in most of the large forests at the foot of the 
Himalayas from Dehra Doon down to the Bhotan Terai; in the Garo 
hills, Assam ; in some parts of Central and Southern India ; in Ceylon 
and in Burmah, from thence extending further to Siam, Sumatra and 
Borneo. 
DeEscripTion.—Head oblong, with concave forehead ; small ears as 
compared with the African animal; small eyes, lighter colour, and four 
instead of three nails on the hind foot; the laminations of the molar 
teeth in wavy undulations instead of sharp lozenges, as in the African, 
the tusks also being much smaller in the female, instead of almost equal 
in both sexes. . 
