410 MamMAtLia OF INDIA. 
with short grass and thorn-bushes about four feet high. From the affi- 
nities of the fauna of the N.W. Provinces, which are strongly African, 
it is probable that the plains of the N.W. Provinces were rather 
covered with scrubby open jungles and grass than with tropical primeval 
forests. 
“Here and there belts of Dhak (Butea frondosa) were found, and in 
favoured spots doubtless other tree jungle, but it is improbable that 
primeval forest has existed since the depression of the Indo-Gangetic 
plain.”—/. Cockburn, M.S. 
The rhinoceros is supposed to be a very long-lived animal. Dr. 
Gray (‘P. Z. S.” 1867, p. 1011) states on the authority of Mr. Blyth that 
a pair lived in the Barrackpore Park for forty-five years. They were 
exactly alike in size and general appearance ; they never bred. ‘There 
is no difference in the horns or form of the skull in the two sexes 
(Sith; < yA. So B.’ vol; exxigpe a5 5): 
No. 430. RHINOCEROS SONDAICUS. 
The Javan Rhinoceros ( Jerdon’s No. 213). 
NativE Names.—The same as last in Hindi; Ahyen-hsen, Burmese ; 
Warak, Javanese ; Badak, Malayan. 
Hasitat.—* The Bengal Sunderbunds, Tipperah, the swamps at the 
base of the Garo, Khasia, and Naga Hills” (Pollock). ‘‘ Munipurf, 
extending into the western provinces of China, southward into Burmah, 
the Malayan peninsula, Sumatra, 
Java, and Borneo” (/. Cockburn, 
MS.). 
DescripTion.—‘ Folds somewhat 
\ on the same plan as in /ydicus, one 
4 marked distinction being that the 
7 lateral shoulder fold is continued 
! Ly. a upward over the back of the neck to 
Rhinoceros Sondaicus. form an independent saddle-shaped 
shield on the nape. The whole body 
covered with pentagonal or hexagonal warty insvle. Females hornless” 
(/. Cockburn, MS.). Males with one horn. 
S1zE.—Mr. Cockburn gives the following measurements of a female, 
which he states is the largest recorded specimen: ‘“ Length of body 
(head and body? ), 12 feet 3 inches ; tail, 2 feet 43 inches ; height, 5 feet 
6 inches.” Dr. Jerdon gives : “ Length 7 to 8 feet ; height, 35 to 3# feet ;” 
and he calls the animal “ the lesser Indian rhinoceros,” whereas Mr. Cock- 
burn’s measurement gives an animal somewhat longer, though not so 
high as the largest recorded specimen of /vdicus. Blyth again writes 
(‘Mammals of Burmah,’ see ‘J. A. S. B.’ vol. xliv. part 11. 1875, p. 50): 
