CAPRA. 447 
Florence, found these goats most abundant on the Aladagh, Boulgerdagh 
and Hussandagh ranges of the Taurus. He madea very good collection 
of horns and skulls there, which are now in the Imperial Museum, 
St. Petersburg. Captain Hutton found it in Afghanistan. 
DEscRIPTION.—Hair short and brown, becoming lighter in summer ; 
a dark, almost black line down the back; the males have a black 
beard ; the young and females are lighter, with fainter markings ; the 
horns are of the usual ibex type, but there is a striking difference 
between those of this species and all the others. As a rule the ibex 
horn is triangular in section, that is, the front part of the horn is square, 
with transverse knobs at short intervals all the way up, for about three- 
fourths of the length, whereas the horn of C. @gagrus is more scimitar- 
like, flattish on the inner side and rounded on the outer, with an edge 
in front; the sides are wavily corrugated, and on the outer edge are 
knobs at considerable distances apart. It is believed that an estimate 
of the age of the animal can be made by these protuberances—after 
the third year a fresh knob is made in each succeeding one. Mr. 
Danford says: ‘‘ The yearly growths seem to be greatest from the third 
to the sixth year, the subsequent additions being successively smaller.” 
The horns sometimes curve inwards and sometimes outwards at the tips. 
Mr. Danford figures a pair, the tips of which, turning inwards, cross 
each other. The female horns are shorter and less characteristic, The 
size of the male horns run to probably a maximum of 50 inches. 
There is a pair in the British Museum 483 inches on the curve. Mr. 
Danford’s best specimen was 47%, the chord of which was 224, basal 
circumference 9?, weight 10} lbs. Captain Hutton’s living specimen 
had horns 403 inches in length. 
SizE.—According to Herr Kotschy “it attains not unfrequently a 
length of 64 feet.” Mr. Danford measured one 5 feet 54 inches from 
nose to tip of tail, 2 feet 9} inches at shoulder. (See also p. 529) 
I have not had an opportunity of measuring a very well-stuffed 
specimen in the Indian Museum, but I should say that the Sind 
variety was much smaller. Standing, as it does, beside a specimen 
of Capra Sibirica, it looks not much bigger than some of the Jumna- 
pari goats. (See Appendix C, p. 529.) 
The @gagrus is commonly supposed to be the parent stock from 
which the domestic goat descended, and certainly the European and 
many Asiatic forms show a similarity of construction in the horn, but 
the common goat descended from more than one wild stock, for, as I 
have before stated, there are goats in India, which show unmistakable 
signs of descent from the markhor, Capra megaceros. In the article on 
Capra egagrus in the ‘P. Z. S.’ for 1875, p. 458, by Mr. C. G. Danford, 
F.Z.S., written after a recent visit to Asia Minor, it is stated that the 
late Captain Hutton found it common in Afghanistan, in the Suleiman 
