CERVID. 499 
which the royal is represented merely by a snag, the whole horn being 
bent forward (ex. the Burmese Panolia Eldii). ‘The true cervine type 
of horn I have already described in its progress from youth to age. 
The Kashmir and Sikim stags are the representatives of this form in 
India. In Japan there is an intermediate form in Cervus stka which 
has no bez-tine. 
Deer have large eye-pits, but no groin-pits ; feet-pits in all four, or 
sometimes only in the hind feet. The female has four mamme. 
Stag with Horns in velvet. 
At the time of reproduction of the antlers a strong determination of 
blood to the head takes place, enlarging the vessels, and a fibro-cartilagi- 
nous substance is formed, which grows rapidly, and takes the form of the 
antler of the species. The horns in their early stage are soft and full 
of blood-vessels on the surface, covered with a delicate skin, with fine 
close-set hairs commonly called the velvet. 
“As the horns ossify the periosteal veins become enlarged, grooving 
the external surface; the arteries are enclosed by hard osseus tubercles 
2h ee 
