510 MamMatia OF INDIA. 
This animal is seldom found in forest land; it seems to prefer open 
grass jungle, lying sheltered during the day in thick patches, and lies 
close till almost run upon by beaters or elephants. Its gait is awkward, 
with some resemblance to that of a hog carrying its head low ; it is not 
speedy, and can easily be run down by dogs in the open. McMaster 
writes: “‘ Great numbers of these deer are each season killed by Burmans, 
being mobbed with dogs.” The meat is fair. Hog deer are not gre- 
garious like chifa/ ; they are usually solitary, though found occasionally 
in pairs. 
The horns are shed about April, and the rutting season is September 
and October. ‘This species and the spotted deer have interbred, and 
the hybrid progeny survived. 
The next stage from the rusine to the cervine or elaphine type is the 
rucervine. In this the tres-tine, as well as the royal tine, throw out 
branches, and in the normal rucervine type the tres and royal are equal 
as in Schomburgk’s deer, but in the extreme type, Panolia or Rucervus 
Lidii of Burmah, the tres-tine is greatly developed, whilst the royal is 
reduced to a mere snag. The Indian swamp-deer (Rucervus Duvaucelli) 
is intermediate, both tres and royal tines are developed, but the former 
is much larger than the royal. In none of the rucervine forms is the 
bez-tine produced. 
GENUS RUCERVUS. 
Horns as above; muzzle pointed. Canines in males only. 
No. 474. RucERvus DUVAUCELLI. 
The Swamp-Deer ( Jerdon’s No. 219). 
Native Names.—Bara-singha, Hindi; Laraya and Maha in the 
Nepal Terai; /hinkar in Kyarda Doon; Potiyaharan at Monghyr 
( Jerdon) ; Goen or Goenjak (male), Gaont (female), in Central India. 
Hapirat.—‘ In the forest lands at the foot of the Himalayas, from 
the Kyarda Doon to Bhotan. It is very abundant in Assam, inhabiting 
the islands and churs of the Berhampooter, extending down the river in 
suitable spots to the eastern Sunderbunds. It is also stated to occur 
near Monghyr, and thence extends sparingly through the great forest 
tract of Central India” (Jerdon’s ‘Mamm. Ind.’). I have found it in 
abundance in the Raigarh Bichia tracts of Mundla, at one time attached 
to the Seonee district, but now I think incorporated in the new district 
of Balaghat. In the open valleys, studded with sal forest, of the 
Thanwur, Halone, and Bunjar tributaries of the Nerbudda, may be 
found bits reminding one of English parks, with noble herds of this 
