HENDERSON , “ ; 
RAR TON ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 27 
Fewkes ' reports: 
The ancient Hopi had a domestic dog which was a pet rather than a beast of burden. 
The good qualities of this ~et were recognized and recounted in their legends. 
Russell ? says: 
The only domesticated animal which there is any certainty that the Pimas possessed 
at the time of the discovery is the dog. The old people say that in their youth the 
dogs were all alike and resembled coyotes. At present there are many small mon- 
grels, obtained principally from the Mexicans. 
Hough? says that ‘‘remains of the dog and turkey were found in 
ry S 
nearly every ruin”’ in northeastern Arizona. 
Fewkes, in his account of certain Arizona ruins,‘ says: 
) ) 
The occurrence of a skull of the domesticated dog in one of the graves at the Chaves 
Pass ruin is significant, showing that this animal was known to the ancients, and 
probably utilized by them. The fact that this dog was the broad-faced variety is 
particularly instructive. It was not apparently a domesticated coyote or a mongrel 
like those which now are so common in some of the pueblos. 
Lucas °® gives the following account of this skull: 
Among the many objects obtained by Dr. Fewkes last summer from the ruined 
pueblo of Chaves Pass, Arizona, is the cranium of a domesticated dog, found ina grave 
with a human skeleton. Although the mere fact of a dog being discovered under such 
circumstances is in itself interesting, it is not at first sight remarkable, since it is well 
known that in America, as elsewhere, the dog was domesticated at an early date, and 
Clavijero mentions an ancient dog which he calls ‘‘a quadruped of the country of 
Cibola, similar in form to a mastiff, which the Indians employ to carry burdens.”’ 
Aside from the fact that this is the first dog’s cranium discovered by Dr. Fewkes, there 
are some points of special interest in the present case. Most of the Indian dogs are 
more or less wolfish in their aspect, and have long skulls, with comparatively low 
foreheads, thus showing a small degree of specialization in the way of breed, and this 
is true of such of the mummied dogs of Egypt as I have seen. The cranium of the 
Chaves dog, on the contrary, is of the broad-faced type, with high forehead, and, 
curiously enough, is precisely similar in size and proportions to the cranium of an 
Eskimo dog from Cumberland Sound, the resemblance extending to the peculiar 
concavity and squareness of the nasal region. Whilethisisan interesting coincidence, 
it is not brought forward as implying community of origin, but as instancing long 
domestication in order that so well-marked a breed could be established. A curious 
confirmation of the early origin of this breed was received from San Marcos, Texas, 
where, in excavating for ponds, at the station of the U. 8. Fish Commission, a human 
skeleton and bones of other animals were found in a layer containing many flint 
implements, overlaid by two feet of black soil. The bones were those of existing 
species, including teeth of several bison, and there was also a fragment of a dog’s skull 
similar in size and proportions to that obtained at Chaves Pass. 
From the apparent general distribution of the dog, an animal 
particularly useful to primitive people throughout North America at a 
1 Fewkes, J. Walter, Property-right in Eagles Among the Hopi, Amer. Anthr., n. s., 1, p. 706, 1900. 
2 Russell, Frank, op. cit., p. 84. 
3 Hough, Walter, Archeological Field Work in Northeastern Arizona: The Museum-Gates Expedi- 
tion of 1901, Ann. Rep. U. S. Nat. Museum for 1901, pp. 316, 326, 339, 356, 1903. 
4 Fewkes, Jesse Walter, Two Summers’ Work in Pueblo Ruins, T'wenty-second Ann. Rep. Bur. Amer. 
Ethn., pt. 1, p. 27, 1904. 
5 Lucas, F. A., A Dog of the Ancient Pueblos, Science, 0. $., V, p. 544, 1897. 
