ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 
By Junrus HenpbEerson and JoHN PEaBopy Harrineron! 
GENERAL CONSIDERATIONS 
HE fauna of a region, like its flora and geology, bears an inti- 
mate relation to the culture of its human inhabitants.2 A 
nomadic people is generally of necessity dependent on ani- 
mal life for sustenance, while a sedentary people, if numerous, 
remaining for a long period in permanent habitations, must be 
dependent more largely on direct products of the soil, except perhaps 
when, living on the seashore, where almost inexhaustible fisheries 
furnish abundant food, or near the range of such animals as the 
caribou or the now nearly extinct American bison. <A large number 
of people remaining constantly in one place and depending the year 
round on the game of the region would soon destroy their food supply. 
A nomadic tribe, wandering hither and thither, is constantly pene- 
trating new game preserves and allowing the game in the old pre- 
serves to increase in abundance. 
The ancient peoples, the remains of whose dwellings are found so 
abundantly in the country of the Tewa Indians, northwest of Santa 
Fe, New Mexico, were surely too numerous to have derived any 
considerable part of their sustenance for even a few months from 
the native mammals, birds, and other animals of the region, even if 
game were much more abundant than now, a condition which may 
well be doubted. If the simultaneous occupancy of only a small pro- 
portion of the ruins be supposed, there still would not. have been 
enough game to support the population. However, it is probable 
that wild game formed an important supplement to the products of 
their cornfields and the native plants. 
Bandelier * says of the region about the Rito de los Frijoles: 
Game of all kinds, deer, elk, mountain sheep, bears, and turkeys, roamed about the 
region in numbers, and the brook afforded fish. 
Tn a footnote he adds: 
All the kinds of game mentioned were abundant around the Rito de los Frijoles in 
former times, but the communal hunts of the Pueblos, and later on the merciless 
slaughter of the Apaches, have greatly reduced it. 
1The ethnological portion of this memoir is the work of Mr. Harrington, the zoological, that of Pro- 
fessor Henderson. 
2Springer, Frank, The Field Session of the School of American Archeology, Science, n. s., XXXII, 623, 
1910. 
3 Bandelier, A. F., Final Report of Investigations among the Indians of the Southwestern United States, 
Carried on Mainly in the Years from 1880 to 1885, Part u, Papers Archzol. Inst. Amer., Amer. ser., Iv, 141, 
1892. 
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