HENDERSON yr = 
a nemo ae ETHNOZOOLOGY OF THE TEWA INDIANS 67 
certain occasions. Miss B. W. Freire-Marreco has seen them, but 
has not identified them. 
A kind of large, thick, flat shell, evidently a bivalve, is called 
tsaszamy. Not even all of the older people at San Ildefonso know 
this shell or its name. Our informants were not sure with regard to 
its color. 
A kind of white, flat shell about 6 inches across is called fsx:t'a’, 
‘white flat’ (fse¢°, white; f'a’, flat and roundish). The fsx’t'a’ was 
sometimes worn on the breast of Tewa men. It was also cut up and 
made into beads. 
A kind of large spiral univalve from which beads were formerly 
made is called po'tsunu. 
A sort of shell described as white, cylindrical, 2 inches or more 
jong and about a quarter of an inch in diameter, is called fsx-wije. 
These shells, which were highly valued, were strung and worn as 
necklaces. Now only bone imitations of these shells are to be found 
at the Tewa pueblos, but these are also called fsex-wijé. The name 
ise'wijé sounds like ‘white two’ (fse’, white; wijé, two), but this 
makes no sense. 
Hodge gives Kwdtsei-tdoa as a Shell Bead clan of San Ildefonso. 
Kwa'a tse’i’* towd means ‘white bead clan’ (kwa’a, bead made of 
any substance, not necessarily shell; fsx-, white; towd, person, 
people). 
THe Lower INVERTEBRATES 
Very little is known of the lower forms of invertebrate life of 
northern New Mexico, and from an ethnological point of view such 
forms are mostly unimportant. While some of the pathological Pro- 
tozoa must have had an important bearing on the health of the ancient 
peoples of this region, just as they affect the present population, as 
active agents in the spread of disease, yet such minute objects could 
not have been known to people who had no microscopes. It is not 
likely that any of the other phyla below the Mollusca are well repre- 
sented here, if they occur at all, except the worms and their allies, 
and very little work appears to have been done with respect to them. 
Verrill' reported two unnamed varieties of leech, one at Taos and 
one at San Ildefonso. We collected no specimens and so obtained 
neither Indian names for nor Indian lore concerning them. 
i Verrill, A. E., Report upon the Collections of Fresh Water Leeches Made in Portions of Nevada, Utah, 
Colorado, New Mexico, and Arizona During the Years 1872, 1873, and 1874, U. S. Geog. Explor. & Surv. 
W. of 100th Merid., Final Report, v, p. 965, 1875. 
