HISTORICAL SKETCH. Xl 
ANNOTATED CATALOGUE OF THE PALEONTOLOGY OF THE LOWER SILURIAN IN THE 
UPPER MISSISSIPPI VALLEY. 
Sir John Franklin. 
1823. Narrative of a journey to the shores of the Polar sea in the years 1819, ’20,°21 and 
22, by JOHN FRANKLIN, R. N., F. R. S., Commander of the expedition; with appendixes. 
Quarto, plates and maps, London, 1823. 
In the appendix Dr. Richardson gives some general observations on the limestone seen 
at lake Winnipeg and further northward. Krom the numerous remains of orthoceratites 
he thinks this limestone may belong ‘‘to the formation under the new red sandstone ” 
i. e., to the ‘‘mountain limestone.” 
Note to page 506.—‘‘ Professor Jameson, having been requested to examine the specimens of lime- 
stone collected on the shores of lake Winnipeg, and in the Cumberland House district, obligingly sent the 
following note: 
‘The specimens of limestone received from you contain examples of the following fossil organic 
remains: Limestone with encrinites. The encrinites are in fragments. 
Limestone with Orthoceratites. 
Limestone with Terebratule. 
Limestone with Caryophyllite. 
Limestone with Lingule. , 
‘These fossils would seem to intimate that the rock in which they are contained belongs to the 
niountain limestone formation, by many referred to the transition, by others to the oldest or deepest part 
of the secondary class of rocks.’ ” 
Henry R. Schoolcraft. 
1823. Summary narrative of an exploratory expedition to the sources of the Mississippi 
river in 1820; resumed and completed, by the discovery of its origin in Itasca lake in 1832, by 
Henry R. ScHooicrarr. Philadelphia, 1855. (First published in 1823). 
The only allusions Schoolcraft makes to the age of the rocks embraced in this report 
are so vague and general that they are of no value. Once he refers to the falls of St. 
Anthony being ‘‘in the Silurian basin,” and at another time he calls the limestone forming 
the falls ‘‘the same metalliferous limestone which for so great a length and in so striking 
a manner characterizes both banks of the Mississippi below St. Anthony falls.” Op. cit., p. 
330. He evidently was inclined to consider the lead-bearing rocks about equivalent to the 
lead-bearing limestones of England, i. e., the mountain limestone or Sub-Carboniferous, now 
known as the Mississippi limestone. 
William H. Keating. 
1823. Narrative of an expedition to the source of St. Peter's river, lake Winnepeek, lake of 
the Woods, etc., performed in the year 1823, by order of the Hon. J. C. Calhoun, Secretary of War; 
under the command of Stephen H. Long, U. S. T. E. Complied from the notes of Major 
Long, Messrs. Say, Keating and Calhoun, by WirtL1AM H. Keatine. London, 1825, In 
two volumes; pp. 1-458 and 1-248, and appendix pp. 1-156. 
A general description of the geology of the country from lake Michigan to the mouth 
of the Wisconsin river is given. Here the author finds two distinct magnesian limestone 
formations separated by a considerable thickness of fine grained friable sandstone. These 
three formations make up the rocks of this part of the route, He considers these strata 
