50 
THE PALEONTOLOGY OF MINNESOTA. 
{Radiolaria. 
Coccoliths and rhabdoliths, associated with Foraminifera, abounded in most of 
the soft Cretaceous limestone from New Ulm, Minnesota, and some of the chalk rock 
was mostly composed of them, and was almost entirely free from sand. 
1875. 
1888. 
REFERENCES. 
Husxley, T. H. Deep-sea Soundings in the North Atlantic Ocean, between Ireland and New- 
foundland, made in H. M.S. Cyclops, Lieutenant Commander Joseph Dayman, in June 
and July, 1857. 
Sorby, H. C. On the Organic Origin of the so-called “ Orystalloids” of the Chalk. Ann. and 
Mag. Nat. Hist.. ser. 3, viii, pp. 193—200, wood cuts. 
Wallich, G. C. Remarks on some novel Phases of Organic Life, and on the Boring Powers of 
minute Annelids, at great Depths in the Sea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, viii, pp. 
52-58, 3 wood cuts. 
Wallich, G. C. Further Observations on some novel Phases of Organic Life at great Depths 
in the Sea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, ix, pp. 30, 31. 
Wallich, G. C. Further Observations on Amoeba villosa and other indigenous Rhizopods. 
Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 3, xi, p. 445. 
Hualey, T. H. On some Organisms living at Great Depths in the North Atlantic Ocean. 
Quart. Journ. Mic. Soc., 1868, pp. 203-212. 
Thomson, W. On the Depths of the Sea. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, iv, pp. 112-124. 
Gimbel, OC. W. Vorlaufige Mittheilungen uber Tiefseeschlamm. Neues Jahrbuch fur Min., 
1870, pp. 753-767. 
Schmidt, O. Uber Coccolithen und Rhabdolithen. Sitzungsb. der kais. Akad. d. W. math. 
naturw. Ixii, Bd. Abth. 1of I, I. 
Schmidt,O. On Coccoliths and Rhabdoliths. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., ser. 4, x, pp. 359-370, 
pls. xvi, xvii. 
Translation by W. S. Dallas, F. L. S. 
Gimbel, OC. W. Coccolithen im Eocanmergel, fehlen dem Tiefseeschlamm der bayerischen 
Alpen; Untersuchung dichter Kalksteine; Arten der Oolith-Bildung. Neues Jahrbuch 
fur Min , 1873, pp. 299-304. 
Thomson, C. W. The Depths of the Sea, pp. 412-415, figs. 63, 64. 
Dawson, G. M. Note on the Occurrence of Foraminifera, Coccoliths, etc., in the Cretaceous 
Rocks of Manitoba. Can. Nat., vii, pp. 252-257. 
Dawson, G. M. Report on the Geology and Resources of the region in the vicinity of the 
Forty-ninth Parallel, from the Lake of the Woods to the Rocky Mountains, p. 80. 
Cretaceous and Tertiary Rocks of the vicinity of the Forty-ninth Parallel—Pembina Escarp- 
ment to Wood Mountain, in which he says the finer part of the softer portions of the rock 
is composed almost entirely of the extremely minute bodies which are included under the 
general name, Coccoliths and Rhabdoliths. These are now known to belong to minute 
pelagic vegetable organisms. 
Wallich, G.C. On the true nature of the so-called ‘‘ Bathybius,” and its alleged function in 
the Nutrition of the Protozoa. Ann. and Mag. Nat. Hist., pp. 122-339. 
Agassiz, A. Three Cruises of the Blake, I. Bull. Mus. Comp. Zool. xiv, p. 209. 
IV. RADIOLARIA, Ere. 
Rapronaria, Muller. 
PLATE E, FIGS. 3-9. 
An order of Rhizopoda which possess a siliceous test, or siliceous spicules, a 
central capsule, and peculiar yellow or brownish-yellow cells. Among the Radio- 
laria are great numbers of minute and beautiful organisms when living, and in some 
formations in their fossil state. They are widely diffused, and have been discovered 
in nearly every ocean and sea. Ehrenberg found them at Cuxhaven and in dredg- 
